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Biology Major Field Test Study Set with complete solutions
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Biology Major Field Test Study Set with complete solutions
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Biology Major Field Test Study Set withcomplete solutions
"4 Biomolecules and Monomers - Answer -Protein (amino acids) Carbohydrates (simple
sugars) Lipids (glycerol and fatty acids) Nuclei acids (nucleotides)"
dipeptides - Answer -two amino acids bonded together
what is the general fatty acid formula - Answer -CH3(CH2)nCOOH where n= an even
number between 12 and 24
explain identifying saturated vs. unsaturated fats - Answer -saturated: only single bonds
in hydrocarbon chain... unsaturated: one or more double bonds
glycerides - Answer -glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Levels of Protein Structure - Answer -1. order of amino acids 2. alpha-helices or beta-
pleated sheets 3. bonding b/w a.a. side chains 4. multi-subunit structure
nucleotide is composed of - Answer -phosphate group; sugar group; nitrogenous base
Vmax - Answer -maximum reaction rate at which point substrate is saturated with
enzyme
Feedback Inhibition - Answer -end-product of enzyme catalyzed rxn. blocks original enz.
Competitive Inhibition - Answer -molecules compete with substrate for enzyme's active
sites
irreversible inhibitors - Answer -chemically and covalently bind to active site; rendering it
permanently inactive
psuedoirreversible inhibitors - Answer -extremely high affinities for active site; hard to
displace
noncompetitive inhibitors - Answer -do not compete for active site but act elsewhere on
enz.; altering 3D shape
, photosynthesis - Answer -anabolic process that converts sunlight into energy stored in
the phosphate bonds of ATP, then more permanently stored in bonds of organic carbon
compounds
electron transport chain - Answer -series of carrier molecules on the inner mitochondrial
membrane which pass electrons through enzymes that pump protons to one side of the
membrane, creating a proton gradient
chemiosmosis - Answer -the use of a gradient, such as a proton gradient, to generate
energy. The ATP synthase enzyme uses the kinetic movement of protons down the
gradient to store energy by converting ADP to ATP
ATP - Answer -Adenosine tri phosphate, a modified nucleotide that stores energy in it's
phosphate bonds.
fermentation - Answer -glycolysis and the additional steps leading to the formation of
ethanol or lactic acid, to make ATP. It does not include the Kreb's cycle (producing
CO2) or the ETC.
occluding/tight junctions - Answer -nothing can diffuse between cells or past junction
anchoring junctions - Answer -physical joining so cells do not shear away
communicating junctions - Answer -gap junctions are formed by proteins called
connexins that allow for undisrupted and very fast signal transmission
plasmodesmata - Answer -plant cells' equivalent of gap junctions
G-actin - Answer -globular monomer
F-actin - Answer -long filament
microtubules - Answer -cellular conveyor belts
microtubule assoc. proteins - Answer -attach to tubulin on one end and cargo on the
other dyneins: pull to center kinesins: outside"
9+2 structure - Answer -9 prs microtubules surrounding 2 central microtubules for
stability (structure of cilia&flagella)
basal bodies - Answer -microtubule triplets; anchor cilia/flagella; foundation for new
microtubules
centrioles - Answer -anchor microtubules growing into mitotic spindle
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