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Exam (elaborations)

Biology 1100 Final Exam Review with Complete Solutions

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  • BIO 1100
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  • BIO 1100

Biology 1100 Final Exam Review with Complete Solutions

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  • September 21, 2024
  • 7
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • BIO 1100
  • BIO 1100
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Biology 1100 Final Exam Review with
Complete Solutions
define allele - ANSWER-different versions of a gene at a given locus

define biotechnology - ANSWER-the use and alteration of organisms, cells, or biological
molecules to produce food, drugs or other goods

define chromosome - ANSWER-consists of DNA together with proteins that organize its
3D structure and regulate use

define energy - ANSWER-capacity to do work

define entropy - ANSWER-disorder in a system in inevitable

define gene - ANSWER-encode the information needed to produce proteins, cells, and
entire organisms

define locus - ANSWER-a gene's physical location on a chromosome

define science - ANSWER-the systematic inquiry, through observation and experiment,
into the origins and structures and behaviors of our living and nonliving surroundings

define transgenic/GMOs - ANSWER-plants or animals that contain DNA that has been
modified or derived from other species

describe an endergonic reaction - ANSWER-put energy in

describe an exergonic reaction - ANSWER-energy released

describe competitive inhibition - ANSWER-

describe noncompetitive inhibition - ANSWER-

describe the 3 steps of DNA replication - ANSWER-1. parental DNA unwinds with DNA
helicase
2. DNA polymerase matches complimentary base pairs with the DNA strand (moves 3'
to 5')
3. each new helix has one parental and one daughter strand

describe the breakdown of pyruvate. what are the products? - ANSWER-2 pyruvate +
CoA + NAD+ → 2 acetyl CoA, 2 CO2, 2 NADH

describe the deletion mutation - ANSWER-

, describe the inputs and outputs of the kreb's cycle - ANSWER-2 acetyl CoA → 2 CoA, 4
CO2, 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2

describe the insertion mutation - ANSWER-

describe the inversion mutation - ANSWER-

describe the pH scale - ANSWER-

describe the process of dehydration synthesis - ANSWER-

describe the process of glycolysis. what are the products? - ANSWER-1 glucose + 2
ATP → fructose biphosphate → 2 G3P → 2 pyruvate, net 2 ATP, 2 NADH

describe the process of hydrolysis - ANSWER-

describe the process of the ETC/chemiosmosis. what are the products? - ANSWER-
H2O, 32 ATP

describe the process of translation - ANSWER-

describe the three steps of trancription - ANSWER-1. RNA polymerase binds to start
codon
2. RNA polymerase travels down DNA matching complimentary pairs with free
nucleotides
3. transcription stops at stop codon and RNA polymerase and mRNA detach

describe the translocation mutation - ANSWER-

explain the difference between experimental, observational and comparative methods of
science - ANSWER-experimental is a test, observational is through watching,
comparative is comparing two things

how are mutations prevented? - ANSWER-through semiconservative replication and
exonuclease that fixes mistakes

how are traits inherited? - ANSWER-through the genes of both parents

how can energy be transformed during chemical reactions? - ANSWER-energy
conversions result in a loss of energy

how can molecular profiles identify individuals? - ANSWER-through STRs (specific
segments of DNA used to identify people)
the gov't uses a standard set of 13 STRs that have higher variable numbers of repeats
in different people

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