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ECU BIO 1100 - Final Exam with Complete Solutions
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ECU BIO 1100 - Final Exam with Complete Solutions
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ECU BIO 1100 - Final Exam withComplete Solutions
Action spectrum - ANSWER-The term describes the wavelength of light that result in O2
production during photosynthesis
Active transport - ANSWER-Transport of a molecule across a membrane against its
concentration gradient; this requires the input of energy usually in the form of ATP
Amino Acid - ANSWER-An organic molecule with both an amino group and a carboxyl
group.
At the center a an amino acid is a Carbon atom called the alpha carbon. The alpha
carbon has 4 groups attached to it; A carboxyl group, an amino group, a hydrogen
atom, and a R group (side chain)
Axoneme - ANSWER-the 9+2 structure of microtubules in flagella
B-1,4-glycosidic linkage - ANSWER-Plant cell walls are composed of cellulose which
are glucose molecules with this type of bonds
Cell Wall - ANSWER-Provides structural support and protection for plant cells
Chlorophylls - ANSWER-The major photosynthetic pigments responsible for absorbing
light energy and passing it to electrons in photosysthesis
Chloroplast - ANSWER-site of reactions that fix inorganic carbon (CO2) onto organic
compounds using energy from light
Covalent Bond - ANSWER-A covalent bond, also called a molecular bond, is a chemical
bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
Cyclic photosynthesis - ANSWER-this process uses sunlight to generate a proton-
motive force and produce ATP, but does not release O2 as a by-product
Cytoskeleton - ANSWER-Structural support for the cell, it is made up of microtubules,
microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
Disulfide Bridge - ANSWER-A covalent bond that forms in tertiary structures where two
cysteine monomers are brought together by the folding of the protein, and the sulfer of
each monomer "rivet" parts of the protein together
Dynein - ANSWER-A motor protein that is required for flagellar movement
, Endergonic Reactions - ANSWER--Requires energy (ATP)
-Free Energy increases
-Endothermic
-Anobolic
Exergonic Reactions - ANSWER--Releases potential energy
-Free energy decreases
-Exothermic
-Catabolic
Facilitated Diffusion - ANSWER-transport of a molecule that otherwise could not pass
easily (or at all) through a membrane, down its concentration gradient through a protein
channel
Glycogen - ANSWER-A polysaccharide in insects with a Alpha-1,4-glycosidic linkage
Glycogen - ANSWER-The major carbohydrate storage product in your cells
Golgi Apparatus - ANSWER-Stacks of flattened membranes called cisternae, in which
proteins are modified after they are synthesized
Hydrogen Bond - ANSWER-This occurs when a hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to
an electronegative atom, making the hydrogen atom partially positive and the oxygen
partially negative. This causes the hydrogen atom to attract nearby electronegative
atoms.
If an organism lived in an extremely hot environment how would it modify a kinked
structure to reduce fluidity? - ANSWER-It could add more saturated fats to the bi-layer.
These fats are less fluid in higher temperatures compared to unsaturated fats.
Ionic Bond - ANSWER--The complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms.
-A type of chemical bond that generates two oppositely charged ions. In ionic bonds, the
metal loses electrons to become a positively charged cation, whereas the nonmetal
accepts those electrons to become a negatively charged anion
Laws of thermodynamics - ANSWER-First Law: In any process, the total of energy of
the universe remains the same
Second Law: The entropy of an isolated system not in equilibrium will tend to increase
over time
List bonds in order from strongest to weakest - ANSWER-Strongest: Covalent (peptide)
Ionic bond
Hydrogen bond
Weakest: Van Der Waal's Interactions
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