ASU BIO 182 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | VERIFIED
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asexual reproduction - <<ANSWER>>directing cells to divide and develop into new
tissues and organs without a partner
sexual reproduction - <<ANSWER>>-takes more time and energy than asexual
reproduction
-genetically diverse offspring
-requires fertilization
-requires haploid gametes
-mating
most plants and animals produce_______ - <<ANSWER>>gametes called eggs and
sperm
Meiosis - <<ANSWER>>nuclear division that forms haploid cells
Meiosis I - <<ANSWER>>diploid cells divide to create 2 haploid cells, each with one of
the homologous chromosomes
Meiosis II - <<ANSWER>>2 haploid cells divide to form 4 haploid cells, which develop
into eggs or sperm
linked alleles/genes - <<ANSWER>>-genes are close together on the same
chromosome
-breaks the law of independent assortment
-genes closer to each other on a chromosome are less likely to recombine during
crossover
crossing over enables_____ - <<ANSWER>>an organism to recombine alleles on the
same chromosome with alleles on a homologous chromosome
genetic drift - <<ANSWER>>-a process through which populations evolve randomly
-by chance, some individuals have more offspring than others
-smaller populations evolve rapidly
, Bottleneck effect - <<ANSWER>>-loss of genetic diversity following a sudden drop in a
population
-can occur in a single generation
genetic drift occurs when_____ - <<ANSWER>>a portion of the population dispersed to
a new habitat/ becomes separated by a physical barrier
founder effect - <<ANSWER>>-loss of alleles that occur when individuals start a new,
smaller population
-increases chances of genetic disorder
natural selection - <<ANSWER>>-causes phenotypes to evolve in a particular direction
-requires repeatable differences in reproductive success among genotypes
-always causes adaptation of a trait
-most important mechanism of evolution in large populations
Genetic drift - <<ANSWER>>-has a large effect on allele frequency in small
populations/ small effect on large populations
-requires random differences in reproductive isolation to evolve between geographically
isolated sub-populations
Random mutation - <<ANSWER>>-causes maladaptation of a trait
-sometimes adapt a trait
-creates heritable variation in phenotypes
-creates a new allele in a population
-causes phenotypes to evolve in random directions
Genetic drift can eliminate beneficial alleles: - <<ANSWER>>-in small populations,
occurs along with natural selection
-an organisms fitness in a large population can decline
Fisher's Model - <<ANSWER>>-chance of allele spreading to the entire population is
1/(2n)
-chance of a beneficial allele spreading by natural selection depends on initial frequency
and its fitness benefits
-rare/weak beneficial alleles are most likely to disappear by genetic drift
-in small populations can expect a tug of war between natural selection and genetic drift
natural selection increases______ - <<ANSWER>>frequency of beneficial allele
genetic drift decreases_____ - <<ANSWER>>Frequency of beneficial alleles, it can
increase but it is a random process
Prophase I (Meiosis) - <<ANSWER>>-chromosomes condense
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