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NURS 6700 Exam 3 Content Questions And Accurate Answers
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NURS 6700 Exam 3 Content Questions And AccurateAnswers 2024-2025
passengers (fetus and placenta)
passageway (birth canal)
powers (contractions)
position of the mother
psychologic response. - Answer The five Ps that affect the process of labor and birth
are:
Passenger - Answer The way in which the ?, or fetus, travels through the birth canal is
controlled by five interacting factors: the size of the fetal head, fetal presentation, fetal
lie, fetal attitude, and fetal position. Since the placenta must also travel through the birth
canal, it may be considered a ? along with the fetus; however, the placenta rarely
interferes with the process of labor in a normal vaginal birth.
Presentation - Answer The part of the fetus that enters the pelvic inlet first and leads
through the birth canal during labor at term. Is the part of the fetus that lies closest to
the internal os of the cervix. It is the part of the fetal body first felt by the examining
finger during a vaginal examination. Factors determining this include fetal lie, fetal
attitude, and extension or flexion of the fetal head.
cephalic presentation-often feel the occiput noted as vertex
Shoulder- feel the scapula
Breech- you feel the sacrum - Answer Three types of presentation?
?-head first
?-shoulder first
?-breech
,Lie - Answer The relation of the long axis (spine) of the fetus to the long axis (spine) of
the mother. The two main ? are longitudinal, or vertical, in which the long axis of the
fetus is parallel with the long axis of the mother; and transverse, horizontal, or oblique,
in which the long axis of the fetus is at a right angle diagonal to the long axis of the
mother
Longitudinal
Transverse
oblique - Answer ? lies are either cephalic or breech presentations, depending on the
fetal structure that first enters the mother's pelvis.
Vaginal birth cannot occur when the fetus stays in a ? lie.
? lie, one in which the long axis of the fetus is lying at an angle to the long axis of the
mother, is less common and usually converts to a longitudinal or transverse lie during
labor
Attitude - Answer Is the relation of the fetal body parts to one another. The fetus
assumes a characteristic posture in utero partly because of the mode of fetal growth
and partly because of the way the fetus conforms to the shape of the uterine cavity.
Normally the back of the fetus is rounded so that the chin is flexed on the chest, the
thighs are flexed on the abdomen, and the legs are flexed at the knees. The arms are
crossed over the thorax, and the umbilical cord lies between the arms and the legs. This
attitude is termed general flexion.
Position - Answer Indicates that portion of the fetus that overlies the pelvic inlet.
Position is the relationship of a reference point on the presenting part (occiput, sacrum,
mentum [chin], or sinciput [deflexed vertex]) to the four quadrants of the mother's
pelvis. Position is indicated by a three-letter abbreviation. The first letter of the
abbreviation indicates from which side of the mother's pelvis the presenting part
comes-right (R) or left (L). The middle letter refers to the presenting part of the fetus-O
for occiput, S for sacrum, M for mentum, and Sc for scapula. The last letter designates
the position of the presenting part in relation to the anterior (A), posterior (P), or
transverse (T) portion of the maternal pelvis. Thus,
for example,
,that the occiput is the presenting part and is in the maternal pelvis's right anterior
quadrant, Answer ROA means what with position?
Station - Answer The relationship of the presenting fetal part to an imaginary line drawn
between the maternal ischial spines and is a measure of the degree of descent of the
presenting part of the fetus through the birth canal. The placing of the presenting part in
relation to the ischial spine is measured in centimeters above or below the ischial spine.
Engagement-The largest transverse diameter of the presenting part, usually the
biparietal diameter, has passed through the maternal pelvic brim or inlet into the true
pelvis, and usually corresponds to station 0.
passageway, or birth canal - Answer The ?, is made up of the mother's rigid bony pelvis
and the soft tissues of the cervix, the pelvic floor, the vagina, and the introitus (the
external opening to the vagina).
false - Answer The ? pelvis is the part above the brim and plays no part in childbearing.
Lies above this imaginary line; the true pelvis lies below it (linea terminalis).
true - Answer The ? pelvis is the bony passageway through which the fetus must travel.
It is composed of three planes: the inlet, the mid-pelvis (cavity), and the outlet.
The pelvic inlet is wider in the transverse aspect (sideways) than it is from front to back
• The mid-pelvis is the space between the inlet and the outlet. It is a narrow, curving
space through which the fetus must pass to reach the outside. As it passes through this
small area it compresses the lung fluid and mucus out of its body as its chest is
compressed. •
For the fetus to pass through the pelvis the outlet must be sufficiently large
vaginal delivery - Answer The diameters at the plane of the pelvic inlet, midpelvis and
outlet, plus the axis of the birth canal determine whether ? birth is possible and the
manner by which the fetus may pass down the birth canal. The subpubic angle, which
, determines the type of pubic arch, together with the length of the pubic rami and the
intertuberous diameter, is of great importance. Because the fetus must first pass
beneath the pubic arch, a narrow subpubic angle is less accommodating than a rounded
wide arch.
Station Relationship of the presenting fetal part to an imaginary line drawn between the
ischial spines of the pelvis. It is a measure of the degree of descent of the presenting
part of the fetus through the birth canal. When your baby's head is level with the ischial
spines, the fetal station is zero. Once your baby's head fills the vaginal opening, just
before birth, the fetal station is +5. Each change in number usually means your baby has
descended another centimeter into your pelvis. However, assigning a number is an
estimate. - Answer How does ischial spine relate to station?
1. Gynecoid (the classic female type)
2. Android (like male pelvis)
3. Anthropoid (oval shape, with anteroposterior diameter wider)
4. Platypelloid (the flat pelvis - Answer What are the 4 pelvic types:
Involuntary and voluntary powers together work to push the fetus and placenta out of
the uterus - Answer What is meant by Power?
Primary powers - Answer Involuntary contractions of the uterus mark the onset of labor.
Responsible for the effacement and dilation of the cervix and the descent of the fetus.
Effacement of the cervix means the shortening and thinning of the cervix during the first
stage of labor. Only a thin edge of the cervix can be palpated by an examiner when
effacement is complete. The involuntary contractions originate at certain pacemaker
points in the thickened muscle layers of the upper uterine segment. From the
pacemaker points, contractions move downward over the uterus in waves, separated by
short rest periods.
secondary powers - Answer Once the cervix has dilated, voluntary bearing-down efforts
by the woman which starts the force of involuntary contractions. As soon as the
presenting part reaches the pelvic floor, the contractions change in character and
become expulsive. The laboring woman experiences an involuntary urge to push. She
uses? powers, or bearing-down efforts, to help expel the fetus by contracting her
diaphragm and abdominal muscles and pushing. The bearing-down efforts increase
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