Exam (elaborations)
COMD 5070- FINAL EXAM PREP QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
- Course
- Institution
COMD 5070- FINAL EXAM PREP QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
[Show more]
Content preview
COMD 5070- FINAL EXAM PREP QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS
What is science? [4 features of the scientific method] - answers -• empirical - based on
data
• deterministic- obeys physical laws
• predictive- if you do then this will happen
• parsimonious- uses the simplest explanation
as possible
The scientific method is _______, ________, ________, and ________ - answers -
empirical, deterministic, predictive, parsimonious
Science is ________: based on data- we collect data and then interpret it; we have to
make sense of the behavior that we're trying to understand - answers -empirical
Science is __________: things obey physical laws; not random in terms of cause and
effect, and can draw generalizations from data that we can extend on to other situations
we have not yet experienced - answers -deterministic
Science is ________: if a given phenomenon occurs, it can influence another one;
represents cause and effect relationships - answers -predictive
Science is _________: uses the simplest explanation versus making it unnecessarily
convoluted - answers -parsimonious
The frequency rate with which numbers are stored to represent the analog symbol being
sampled is called the ________ ____________, specified in hz
-the #s represent amplitude values - answers -sampling rate
The sample rate for compact discs is _________, this means that the sounds played
back from the compact disc can go up to ___________ - answers -44,100 hz, 22,050 hz
_________ ________ sounds get lost in a recording with a low sampling rate, and get
misrepresented as _______ _________ sounds, aka ___________ - answers -high
frequency, low frequency, aliasing
_______ _________: filtering before digitizing which prevents
I.e. Using a low pass filter to prevent the higher frequencies from even reaching the
digitized system so that they won't contaminate the lower frequency recording by being
represented as an alias - answers -anti-aliasing
What are the filter types? - answers -high pass filter
,Low pass filter
Band pass filter
Band reject filter
A ______ _______ filter allows high frequencies through and holds back the lower
frequencies - answers -high pass
A _______ ________ filter allows low frequencies through and holds back the higher
frequencies - answers -low pass
A _______ _________ filter allows a band of frequencies in the middle through, and
holds back both higher and lower frequencies - answers -band pass
A _________ ________ filter holds back a band of frequencies in the middle and allows
both higher and lower frequencies through - answers -band reject
Disordered voice- disordered vocal fold movement- change in ________
Disordered articulation- abnormal movement of the articulators- change in ________ -
answers -source, filter
A ____ ______ ________ is what you see when you have a microphone recording in
front of you. It represents sound directly- that is, how air pressure changes over time (y-
axis amplitude, x-axis time). If you subject it to a fourier transform, you get a _____
_______ _____ ________ - answers -time domain waveform, frequency domain
spectrum display
A _________ __________ is a line spectrum that shows the frequency components of a
sound (y-axis amplitude, x-axis frequency)
-there is no energy between the harmonics - answers -frequency domain
Speech spectrogram axes:
X axis is _________
Y axis is _________
Darkness indicates ___________ - answers -time, frequency, intensity
______ ________: single line on a spectrum
______ _______ ________: multiple lines on a spectrum - answers -sine wave,
complex periodic signals
The ___________ ___________ on a noise spectrum is a representation of where the
tops of all the individual sine waves appear and can show us the relative strength of the
different frequency components of the noise - answers -spectral envelope
Random cycle to cycle duration differences
Frequency perturbation - answers -jitter
, Rhythmic change in fundamental frequency and amplitude. - answers -tremor
Random cycle to cycle amplitude differences
Amplitude perturbation - answers -shimmer
Much slower than random cycle to cycle perturbation - answers -modulation
How many semitones in one octave, two octaves, how many hz in an octave, etc. -
answers -• 12 semitones in one octave
• 24 semitones in 2 octaves.
• octaves work in doubling; example 500-1000
is 1 octave 2000-4000 is another octave
There are _______ semitones in 1 octave
-each semitone is a _________ step- each step upward is _______ than the last (about
5.9%)
-no semitones are physically identical in hz, but they sound equal in step size, because
our human perception of sound is nonlinear - answers -12, nonlinear, bigger
An _________ is the doubling or halving of a frequency
E.g. If you have a 400 hz base and you went up an octave, you would reach _______
hz, and if you went down an octave you would reach _______ hz - answers -octave,
800, 200
Sampling rate [how does it relate to playback quality, frequencies saved in a recording,
nyquist, aliasing - answers -• sampling rate is a snapshot. The more samples the better
it is. Sample rate is in hz so if you have 10 samples per second it would be 10 hz
recording.
• the higher sampling rate gives better truth. Higher sampling rate requires bigger files,
which has more memory usage more disk space for storage, more processing time for
computations.
• nyquist is half the sample rate. This means you need to get twice the sample of a rate
you want. For example, if you want a 10 hz recording you need to get a sample rate of
20 hz recording. If you go with a lower quality sample rate you would have a longer time
and if you would go with a higher quality you will have a shorter time.
• compact discs/mp3-44.1 khz which is 22,050 hz.
What does noise look like on a spectrum? (3) - answers -all frequencies, equal
amplitudes, random phase
A ______ _______ ________ spectrum display clearly shows harmonic energy that is
present in a complex sound
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller SUMMER2022. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
80189 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now