CCI CCT EXAM STUDY GUIDE LATEST VERSION 2024-2025
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
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epicardium
outer protective layer of the heart. Made of loose connective tissue including elastic fibers.
Myocardium
muscular, middle layer of the heart, forms a thick middle layer between the outer layer of the
heart wall.
endocardium
Inner most layer of the heart. Smooth muscle.
right atrium
receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the vena cava and pumps it into the right
ventricle which then sends it to the lungs to be oxygenated.
left atrium
receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins
right ventricle
pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery
pulmonary valve
valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery, has 3 cusps.
aortic valve
The semilunar valve separating the aorta from the left ventricle that prevents blood from
flowing back into the left ventricle. Has 3 cusps.
mitral valve
located between the left atrium and left ventricle, prevents backflow of blood the the left
atrium when the left ventricle contracts. Has 2 flaps. Bicuspid valve or left atrioventricular valve.
tricuspid valve
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A valve that is situated at the opening of the right atrium of the heart into the right ventricle
and that resembles the mitral valve in structure but has 3 cusps.
Venules
small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins. Allows deoxygenated blood to
return from capillary beds to larger blood vessels called veins.
Capillaries
any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules.
Transfers oxygen and other nutrients from bloodstream to other tissues in the body.
Veins
blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. All veins, with the exception of the pulmonary
veins, carry blood containing carbon dioxide and other waste products. The pulmonary veins
carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
Arterioles
Small branch of an artery leading into capillaries. Involved in the regulation of arterial blood
pressure as well as blood flow within the organ.
Arteries
Blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart
Aortic pulse pressure
systolic pressure - diastolic pressure. The maximal change in aortic pressure during systole, from
the time aortic valve opens until peak aortic pressure is attained.
Heart size
Weighs around 250grams. 12cm in length & 8 to 9 cm in width & 6 cm thick.
blood pressure
the pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels
pulse pressure
difference between systolic and diastolic pressure. Is regulated by by stroke volume & elasticity
of arteries. Pulse pressure indicates force of contraction of ventricles as well as flexibility of
artery wall.
mean atrial pressure - Normal limit: 70 to 100 mmHg
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