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Exam (elaborations)

NUR 378 Final Exam Questions and Answers

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  • NUR 378
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  • NUR 378

Antilipemic drugs HMG-coa reductase inhibitors Fibrates Bile acid sequestrants HMG-coa reductase inhibitor drugs atorvastatin Atorvastatin MOA inhibits HMG-coa to decrease cholesterol production in the liver Atorvastatin indication hypercholesterolemia Hyperlipidemia Atorvastatin adverse eff...

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  • September 22, 2024
  • 40
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • NUR 378
  • NUR 378
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NUR 378 Final Exam Questions and
Answers
Antilipemic drugs ✅HMG-coa reductase inhibitors

Fibrates

Bile acid sequestrants

HMG-coa reductase inhibitor drugs ✅atorvastatin

Atorvastatin MOA ✅inhibits HMG-coa to decrease cholesterol production in the liver

Atorvastatin indication ✅hypercholesterolemia

Hyperlipidemia

Atorvastatin adverse effects ✅"STAT"

"S" in STAT ✅sore muscles

(cramps, spasms, aches)

Report!

Why report sore muscles with atorvastatin use? ✅could be rhabdomyolysis

"T" in STAT ✅toxic to liver

"A" in STAT ✅avoid grapefruit and St. John's wort

"T" in STAT ✅take at night

(dinner or bedtime)

Why take atorvastatin at night? ✅liver comes to life at night

Provides peak drug levels that correlates better with diurnal rhythm and cholesterol
production

Atorvastatin is contraindicated in... ✅liver disorders

Pregnancy/breastfeeding

,Atorvastatin should be used cautiously with... ✅anticoagulants

Use of atorvastatin with drugs metabolized by ______ increases risk for _____
✅cytochrome P-450 enzyme 3A4;

Myopathy/rhabdomyolysis

What should be monitored with atorvastatin? ✅Cr

ALT /AST

Normal ALT ✅7-56

High: liver damage

Normal AST ✅10-40

High: liver damage

Normal Cr ✅0.6-1.2

>1.3 = bad kidney

Atorvastatin lowers _____ and raises _____ ✅total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides
(bad);

HDL (good)

Normal total cholesterol ✅<200 mg/dl

Normal triglycerides ✅<150 mg/dl

Normal LDL ✅<100 mg/dl

Normal HDL ✅40 mg/dl

Fibrate drugs ✅gemfibrozil

Gemfibrozil MOA ✅decreases triglycerides and increases HDL by promoting
production of HDL precursors

Gemfibrozil indication ✅high cholesterol

,Use of gemfibrozil with statins causes... ✅increased risk for myopathy

Bile acid sequestrant drugs ✅colestipol

Colestipol MOA ✅decrease LDL cholesterol

Colestipol indication ✅high cholesterol

Adverse effects of colestipol ✅constipation

Colestipol should be taken... ✅30 minutes before meals

Because of this side effect, educate patients to increase... ✅high fiber foods

Fluid intake

Take medications that interact with colestipol ____ before or _____ after ✅1 hour;

4 hours

Colestipol needs to be ____ in ____ prior to administration _____ ✅dissolved;

4-8 oz;

Orally

Antianginal drugs ✅nitrates

Nitrate drugs ✅nitroglycerin

Nitroglycerin MOA ✅relaxes vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilation

What are the D's for vasodilators? ✅decreases BP

Dilates vessels

Decreases vascular resistance

Nitroglycerin is used for... ✅angina

Nitroglycerin can be used in _____ to _____ ✅heart failure patient;

Lower BP

, Normal effects of nitroglycerin ✅3 h's

3 H's ✅headache

Hypotension

Hot flushing

Do not use nitroglycerin in conjunction with... ✅viagra

(ED drugs that end in "afil")

Why? ✅can cause extremely low BP that can be deadly

What should be monitored with nitroglycerin use? ✅BP

Nitroglycerin should be held for... ✅SBP <100

Important teaching for patients on nitroglycerin ✅change positions slowly

Topical patch nitroglycerin teaching ✅remove patch for 8 hours at night to prevent
tolerance

Sublingual nitroglycerin teaching ✅store in original container

Exposure to air/moisture can inactivate the drug

Nitroglycerin has potent _____ effects on _____ ✅dilating;

Coronary arteries

Why is nitroglycerin given via other routes as opposed to orally? ✅large first-pass
effect

Heart failure drugs ✅cardiac glycosides

Catecholamines (adrenergic agonists)

Cardiac glycoside drugs ✅digoxin

Digoxin MOA ✅increases myocardial contractility

(positive inotropic effect)

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