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2024 PHARMACOLOGY MODULE 3 EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 PHARMACOLOGY MODULE 3 EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 PHARMACOLOGY MODULE 3EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Blood pressure is - CORRECT-ANSWERSpressure exerted against the walls of
blood vessels as blood circulates through the body.
Blood pressure is measured using an instrument called - CORRECT-
ANSWERSsphygmomanometer,
The goal is the reduction of cardiovascular and renal morbidity and mortality
- CORRECT-ANSWERSantihypertensive therapy
cardiovascular risk assessment takes several factors into consideration such
as - CORRECT-ANSWERScardiovascular history, family history, diet, exercise,
blood pressure, cholesterol, smoking history, presence of diabetes.
What ate the four main sites of action for antihypertensives? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSBrain, heart, blood vessels, kidney
Centrally acting alpha agonist - CORRECT-ANSWERSClonidine
Peripherally acting adrenergic agents - CORRECT-ANSWERSAlpha and beta
blockers
Peripherally acting adrenergic agents are - CORRECT-ANSWERSDoxazosin-
alpha blocker
Metroprolol-Beta blocker
Carvedilol and labetalol- alpha and beta blockers but classified as beta
blockers
Mechanism of action of centrally acting adrenergic agents - CORRECT-
ANSWERSstimulate alpha2 adrenergic receptors in the brain causing a lack
of norepinephrine production. It also reduced the activity of renin which is
responsible for the production of the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II
Alpha blockers mechanism of action - CORRECT-ANSWERSblocking
norepinephrine's effect on alpha, adrenergic receptors. Primarily this dilates
arteries and veins reducing SVR and blood pressure.
, Beta blockers mechanism of action - CORRECT-ANSWERSBlock beta
receptors causing a reduction in heart rate. They also reduce the secretion of
renin. Long term use also reduced SVR.
Centrally acting means - CORRECT-ANSWERStheir site of action is in the
brain.
Peripherally acting means - CORRECT-ANSWERStheir site of action is in the
heart and blood vessels.
Antihypertensive drug classes include - CORRECT-ANSWERSAdrenergic
agents, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor's (ACE inhibitors),
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers, Calcium channel blocker's, diuretics,
vasodilators, direct renin inhibitors
Example of ACE inhibitor - CORRECT-ANSWERSLisinopril (Prinivil)
Example of Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARBs) - CORRECT-
ANSWERSLosartan (Cozzar)
Example of calcium channel blocker's - CORRECT-ANSWERSAmlodipine
(Norvasc)
Example of diuretic (thiazide) - CORRECT-ANSWERSHydrochlorothiazide
Example of vasodilators - CORRECT-ANSWERSHydralazine
Example of direct renin inhibitors - CORRECT-ANSWERSAliskiren (Tekturna)
defined as chest pain that occurs when the heart's supply of blood carrying
oxygen is insufficient to meet the demands of the heart. - CORRECT-
ANSWERSAngina Pectoris
Angina is often a symptom of - CORRECT-ANSWERSCoronary Artery Disease
(CAD).
CAD is defined as - CORRECT-ANSWERSa condition due to atherosclerosis
and insufficient blood supply to the heart.
the arteries that deliver oxygen to the heart. - CORRECT-ANSWERScoronary
arteries
when there is damage to the tissues or cells because of a lack of oxygen
delivery. - CORRECT-ANSWERSIschemia
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