CMN 568 Comprehensive Questions and Answers Latest upload 2024/2025 with 100% verified Solutions
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Course
CMN 568
Institution
CMN 568
Myopia - ANSWER-nearsightedness. objects nearby are in focus, distant objects are blurred. focus is
anterior to retina. Need divergent lenses
Hyperopia - ANSWER-farsightedness. Infants have a hyperoptic reaction that diminshes in toddler years.
Can lead to crossed eyed (esotropia) and amblyopia ...
CMN 568 Comprehensive Questions and Answers Latest
upload 2024/2025 with 100% verified Solutions
Myopia - ANSWER-nearsightedness. objects nearby are in focus, distant objects are blurred. focus is
anterior to retina. Need divergent lenses
Hyperopia - ANSWER-farsightedness. Infants have a hyperoptic reaction that diminshes in toddler years.
Can lead to crossed eyed (esotropia) and amblyopia (loss of vision)
Astigmatism - ANSWER-Cornea or lens is not perfectly spherical, the image will be in 2 planes. can lead
to decreased vision
Aniscoria - ANSWER-Size difference between 2 pupils.
Ocular Foreign Body - ANSWER-Need Magnification with a sllit lamp. Can disloadge with Saline solution
or cotton applicator after topical anesthetic is applied. Penetrating injuries are an eye emergency and
require referal ASAP!
Corneal Abrasion - ANSWER-Loss of superficial layer of corneal cells. Causes severe pain and tearing,
eyelid edema, eye redness, etc. applied fluorescein dye, abrasion will turn bright yellow. give
erythromycin ointment. (FYI corneal ulcer is treated the same way. need urgert referal!)
Blunt Orbital Trauma - ANSWER-"black eye". may result in orbit fracture. recommand cold compresses.
Children typically present with a "white-eyed blowout fracture" or greenstick fracture of the orbit.
monitor for orbital compartment syndrome. this is an emergency and requires lateral eyelid canthotomy
to relieve eye swelling.
Lacerations of the eye - ANSWER-at risk for lacrimal system injury and chronic tearing. need repair in OR
Burns of the eye - ANSWER-can result in permanent vision loss and scaring. need immediate referal.
Irrigate eye, remove percipitates, topical ABX, and eye patching.
, Hyphema - ANSWER-Layer of blood within the anterior chamber. May be microscopic or fill the entire
chamber. From blunt trauma or a ruptured vessel. shield should be placed over eye, elevate head, and
refer!
Abusive Head Trauma - ANSWER-retinal hemorrhages, lid ecchymosis, subconjuctional hemorrhage,
hyperema, retinal folds, retinoschisis, optic nerve edema. REFER! (FYI simple retinal hemorrhages can be
normal in healthy newborns and usually due to vaginal delivery. will resolve within 1 month)
Blepharitis - ANSWER-From inflammation of eyelid, gland obstruction, and bacterial overgrowth. Treat
with warm compresses, clean with baby shampoo, and erythmycin ointment
Chalazion - ANSWER-obstruction of meibomian gland. Leads to inflammation, fibrosis, and granuloma
fromation. presents as eyelid nodule with localized redness. treatment same as Blepharitis
Hordeolum - ANSWER-"Sty" Staph infection of Zeis gland. treat with warm compresses
Eyelid Ptosis - ANSWER-droopy upper eyelid. from defective levator muscle. need surgery
Horner Syndrome - ANSWER-Caused by and abnormality or lesion to the sympathetic chain. Usually
from birth trauma or cardiac sx, brainstem malformation, or neuroblastoma. presents with unequal
pupils, different color eyes, and eyelid pitosis. vision is usually intact. treat underlying condition
Dacrocyctitis - ANSWER-infection of the nasolacrimal sac resulting in redness and edema of the
nasolacrimal sac. can be congenital or aquired. presents with tearing and mucoid discharge of affected
eye. need to massage nasolacrimal sac and cleanse lid. May need sx and ABX.
Ophthalmia Neonatorum - ANSWER-Conjuctivitis of the newborn. can be caused by inflammation
resulting from silver nitrate prophylaxis, but most liking from bacteria infection. Chlamydia is most
common, but Goorrhoea causes blindness. give erythromycin ointment and systemic ABX. parent should
be treated also.
Bacterial Conjunctivitis - ANSWER-Usualy Haemophilus species, S. pneumonia, M. cat or S. aureus. May
be associated with URI, purulent discharge, eye redness, and lymph nodes not involved. treat with
erythomycin ointment. VERY CONTAGIOUS!
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