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Psyc 140 Final Exam Study Guide Questions With Complete And Verified Solutions.
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What is psychology? - correct answer the scientific study of behavior and mental processes Introspection - correct answer examination of one's own thoughts and feelings Behaviorism - correct answer ...

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  • September 22, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Psyc 140 Final Exam Study Guide

What is psychology? - correct answer the scientific study of behavior and mental
processes



Introspection - correct answer examination of one's own thoughts and feelings



Behaviorism - correct answer the science of behavior that focuses on observable
behavior only



Structuralism - correct answer early school of thought promoted by Wundt and
Titchener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind



Humanism - correct answer An intellectual movement that focused on human
potential and achievements



Functionalism - correct answer a school of psychology that focused on how mental
and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish.



Psychoanalytic - correct answer study of the unconscious, includes childhood and
aggression issues



confirmation bias - correct answer a tendency to search for information that
confirms one's preconceptions



belief perseverance - correct answer tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even
when evidence contradicts them



hindsight bias - correct answer "I knew it all along"

,Overconfidence - correct answer the tendency to be more confident than correct



placebo effect - correct answer the phenomenon in which the expectations of the
participants in a study can influence their behavior



confounding variable - correct answer in an experiment, a factor other than the
independent variable that might produce an effect



random assignment - correct answer placing research participants into the
conditions of an experiment in such a way that each participant has an equal chance of being assigned
to any level of the independent variable



naturalist vs structured observation - correct answer Naturalistic observation is
used to observe people in their natural habitat, structured observation involves coding a small number
of behaviors in a quantitative manner, case studies are typically used to collect in-depth



Control vs. Experimental Group - correct answer the experimental group is the
group that is tested on, compared to the control group (the one that isn't tested on)



Single Blind vs. Double Blind - correct answer single= participants don't know which
group they are assigned to

double= resarchers nor participants know



positive correlation vs negative correlation - correct answer positive- one variable
increasing causes the other variable to increase or vise versa

negative- one variable increasing, other decreasing



Types of Psychological Research - correct answer descriptive research = depict what
already exists in a group without the goal of changing it (ex. who you voted for in elections)

correlational research= connection between two or more variables (ex. study that tests if males and
females would either buy a classical or jazz cd)

experimental research = if one variable effects the other (does low sleep effect driving)

applied = seeks to solve problems

,nervous system - correct answer the network of nerve cells and fibers that
transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body.



circulatory system - correct answer Transports oxygen, waste, nutrients, hormones,
heat, etc... around the body



endocrine system - correct answer the body's "slow" chemical communication
system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream



limbic system - correct answer neural system (including the hippocampus,
amygdala, and hypothalamus) located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and
drives.



action potential - correct answer nerve impulse



Neurotransmitters - correct answer chemical messengers



split brain - correct answer a condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain
are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them



Excitatory vs. Inhibitory - correct answer neurons differ in their "readiness" to fire.
excitatory=lower threshold, more ready to fire; inhibitory=higher threshold, more hesitant to fire



sympathetic vs parasympathetic nervous system - correct answer sympathetic (fight
or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest)



Soma - correct answer cell body



Dendrites - correct answer receive messages from other cells

, Axon - correct answer A threadlike extension of a neuron that carries nerve
impulses away from the cell body.



terminal branches - correct answer The branched end of the axon that contains
neurotransmitters.



myelin sheath - correct answer a fatty tissue layer segmentally encasing the axons
of some neurons



synaptic gap - correct answer space between the axon terminal of one neuron and
the receptors of the next neuron



major neurotransmitters - correct answer *acetylcholine (ACh)- enables muscle
action, learning, and memory- .

*dopamine- influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion-

*serotonin- affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal-

*norepinephrine- helps control alertness and arousal .

*GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid).

*glutamate- a major excitatory neurotransmitter

*endorphins- associated with emotions and pain perception.



Different types of neurons - correct answer sensory, motor, interneurons



4 lobes of the brain - correct answer frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal



Conciousness - correct answer our awareness of ourselves and our environment



cognitive neuroscience - correct answer study of the physical changes in the brain
and nervous system during thinking

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