Bio 182 Exam 2 ASU Latest Update 2024-2025
Actual Exam 250 Questions and 100% Verified
Correct Answers Guaranteed A+ Approved by
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abiotic - CORRECT ANSWER: physical conditions
adaptive plasticity - CORRECT ANSWER: one genotype has multiple phenotypes &
environments trigger change
allopatry - CORRECT ANSWER: populations occur in different places
biological species - CORRECT ANSWER: group of potentially interbreeding species
biotic - CORRECT ANSWER: other organisms
Cladistics - CORRECT ANSWER: Grouping is based on common ancestry
Do enzymes maintain a rigid structure while catalyzing? - CORRECT ANSWER: No it is
constantly changing
Do smaller or larger populations have more chance for genetic drift? - CORRECT
ANSWER: Smaller populations
Each nucleotide represents? - CORRECT ANSWER: the state of a single trait
Environmental examples - CORRECT ANSWER: air temp
food availability
social group
,evolutionary species - CORRECT ANSWER: lineage that remains distinct throughout
space & time
Fisher's Model - CORRECT ANSWER: Assume:
Each set of parents give birth to two offspring.
A new allele (a) arises, which has no effect on fitness
(fitness of Aa = fitness of AA).
Fisher 1930,
The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection
Then:
Within each couple, there is a 25% chance the new
allele will be lost during reproduction.
homology - CORRECT ANSWER: phenotype that is similar between two species
because of common ancestry
,homoplasy - CORRECT ANSWER: phenotype that is similar between two species
because of convergent evolution
How can sympatric populations evolve reproductive isolation? - CORRECT ANSWER:
not very easily
How can we quantify gene flow? - CORRECT ANSWER: Estimate genetic variances
How do we know evolutionary relationships among species? - CORRECT ANSWER:
We don't. But we can generate hypotheses
Influx of beneficial alleles? - CORRECT ANSWER: Speeds adaptation
Influx of deleterious alleles? - CORRECT ANSWER: Slows adaptation
Is fixation of a deleterious allele or the loss of a beneficial allele more probable? -
CORRECT ANSWER: Loss of a beneficial allele
low temps - CORRECT ANSWER: more flexible enzymes
migration load - CORRECT ANSWER: maintenance of deleterious alleles by migration
niche - CORRECT ANSWER: range of environmental conditions in which a genotype
can persist
Organisms such as the Antarctic fish can live at extremely low temperatures. Which
mechanism best describes how they do this?
they modify their proteins to be more flexible. - CORRECT ANSWER: Modify their
proteins to be more flexible
, outgroup - CORRECT ANSWER: species closely related to the in-group but less closely
related than of those in the in-group
parsimony - CORRECT ANSWER: the simplest explanation is the best (fewest
evolutionary transitions) A-->B-->C = common A-->B-->A = uncommon
Phenetics - CORRECT ANSWER: Grouping is based on phenotypic similarity
Phenotypic (3 examples) - CORRECT ANSWER: isolation
energy stores
hydration
phylogeny - CORRECT ANSWER: pattern of lineage produced by speciation
Phylogeny depends on? - CORRECT ANSWER: The gene
plasticity - CORRECT ANSWER: ability of one genotype to produce more than one
phenotype when exposed to different environments
Random processes can...? - CORRECT ANSWER: Spread neutral alleles or eliminate
beneficial alleles
Species - CORRECT ANSWER: group that shares specific properties
Stress is any environmental factor that impairs performance. (5 examples) - CORRECT
ANSWER: pH
light
pressure
moisture
temperature
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