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Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Summary
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This is a detailed PDF of the key terms for the photosynthesis and cellular respiration unit in your freshman year of high school.
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Lesson 51: Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration Biology with LabConverting stored chemical energy into usable ATP energy
Cellular respiration – the process of using oxygen in the mitochondria to
chemically break down organic molecules such as glucose to release the
energy stored in its bonds
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) – from combining Adenosine diphosphate
and phosphate; ATP is the main energy currency of cells.
Cellular respiration equation – C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2+ 6H2O (+ ATP
ENERGY)
Glycolysis – a process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half by
enzymes in the cytoplasm, producing 2 molecules of pyruvic acid and only 2
molecules of ATP.
Aerobic respiration – all processes that require oxygen are described as
“aerobic”
Fermentation – if sufficient oxygen is not present in the cell, glycolysis is
followed by a different pathway called fermentation that produces very little
energy and either alcohol or lactic acid depending on the organism
Anaerobic respiration – Processes that do not require oxygen are
“anaerobic”
Mitochondria – organelle where cellular respiration occurs
Krebs cycle – also known as the Citric Acid Cycle, occurs in the mitochondrion
after glycolysis and is the second of three phases of cellular respiration; it
produces 2 ATP molecules, 10 energy carrier molecules, and CO2 from each
glucose molecule
Electron Transport Chain (ETC) – a series of chemical reactions that
produces 34 ATP molecules and H2O from the carrier molecules that were
produced in the Krebs cycle
Lactic acid fermentation – occurs in animal cells when there is no oxygen
available; pyruvic acid is converted into a waste product called lactic acid
Alcoholic fermentation – occurs in some plants and unicellular organisms
such as yeast and bacteria; the process converts pyruvic acid into ethyl alcohol
and a carrier compound (giving off CO2), which allows glycolysis to continue
Oxygen debt – occurs during anaerobic respiration because oxygen must be
“paid back” to the cells to remove the lactic acid
Glucose – a six carbon sugar produced by photosynthesis
Heterotrophs (consumers) – organisms that cannot make their own food
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