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Exam (elaborations)

CMB1003 Exam Questions And Accurate Solutions

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CMB1003 Exam Questions And Accurate Solutions...

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  • September 23, 2024
  • 76
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • CMB1003
  • CMB1003
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Easton
CMB1003 Exam Questions And Accurate Solutions


Why study bacteria - Answer Aids understanding of our cells

Microbes everywhere in large amounts

Utilised for biotechnology



Bacteria - Answer No nucleus

Special cell wall

Plasmids

Adapted to produce energy in lots of different ways



Archea - Answer Kind of like eukaryotoes but prokaryotes



Microbes in food - Answer yoghurt

cheese

probiotics

Pickled stuff



Microbes in biotechnology - Answer Insulin

Monoclonal antibodies

vitamins and amino acid production

industrial enzymes and synthetic biology



Positive impact of human microbiome - Answer Baby microbiome breaks down milk
sugar baby can not

,Gram staining - Answer Crystal violet on cell

wash

iodine

wash

alcohol

wash

counterstain (Safranin)



Electron microscope - Answer Sample in vacuum

Electron scatter

create a digital image

When looking at a bacteria it shows the cytoplasm, septum, cell wall and DNA



Issues with electron microscope - Answer Specimen is fixed and dehydrated



Cryoelectronic microscope - Answer Sample flash frozen while alive so appears living
and can see 3D image

Large and expensive



Fluorescent Microscope - Answer Digital detection with good resolution

See specific things depending on dye used



Immunofluorescence - Answer Detect native and wild type proteins

Specific antibody lights up with joins to specific antigen



Green Fluorescent protein - Answer Dye from fluorescent jelly fish DNA incorporated
into gene f interest in bacteria can see time lapse of the gene

,Cell wall bacteria - Answer Different to Eukaryotes so is a very good target for
antibiotics

Essential for growth and maintain osmotic pressure of bacteria so if impeached water
can move in and cause bacteria to lyse



Gram positive - Answer Simple structure

Cytoplasm

Plasma membrane

peptidoglycan wall

Purple after gram staining



Gram Negative - Answer Complex structure

Cytoplasm

Plasma membrane

Peptidoglycan

Outer membrane

Lipopolysaccharide chain

Pink after gram staining



Outside of bacteria wall - Answer S-layer - crystalline lattice of protein acts a seive



Capsules - Answer Polysaccharide attached to cell wall. Act as a biofilm to make
bacteria immunogenic



Pili and fimbriae - Answer Adhere to human cell

Helps with gene transfer between cells

Assist movement

Flagella - rotation C-ring and then helical structure

, Endospores - Answer Model for cellular development

Incredibly resistant and can remain dormant for years



Biofilms - Answer Held together by matrix and promote adhesion and cohesion



Bacteria Genes - Answer DNA condensed in nucleotide and is very small

Replicate DNA very rapidly

Organised into operons



Housekeeping genes - Answer gene in all bacteria



Pan-genomone - Answer Genes that are from other cells - tell you if resistant to
antibiotics



Operons you should know - Answer Lac operon

Trp Operon

oriC



Lac operon - Answer Lac Y = Permease

Lac Z = Enzyme to turn lactose into glucose and galactose

Lac I = control



Trp Operon - Answer 5 genes in genome for when not enough tryptophan



oriC - Answer Chromosome replication origin

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