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BIOLOGY 1100 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
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Three functions of cell division -reproduction -growth and development -tissue renewal Chromosomes threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes Somatic cells all body cells except the reproductive cells Gametes reproductive cells, have only half the number of chromosomes as...

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  • September 23, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • biology 1100 final exam questions and correct answ
  • three functions of cell division reproduction g
  • chromosomes threadlike structures made of dna mol

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BIOLOGY 1100 FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Three functions of cell division ✅-reproduction
-growth and development
-tissue renewal

Chromosomes ✅threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes

Somatic cells ✅all body cells except the reproductive cells

Gametes ✅reproductive cells, have only half the number of chromosomes as body
cells

Haploid ✅of a cell or organism having a single set of chromosomes

Histomes ✅the protein that the DNA strands winds up around

Chromatin ✅long strands of DNA found in the eukaryotic cell nucleus; condense to
form chromosomes

Centromeres ✅area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached; forming an
X shape

Sister chromatids ✅two daughter strands of a replicated chromosome joined at the
middle by a centromere; happens in prophase

Mitosis ✅cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same
number of chromosomes

5 stages of mitosis: ✅prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Cytokenesis ✅the division of the cytoplasm during the proceses of cell division; well
underway by late telophase

Interphase ✅takes up 90% of cell cycle; period of the cell cycle between cell divisions;
46 chromosomes

Centrosome ✅Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells, important
during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center.

, Prophase ✅first and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become
visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the
nucleus; chromosomes double to 92

Mitotic spindles ✅microtubules that come out during mitosis, begins at the centrosome

Prometaphase ✅The second stage of mitosis, in which discrete chromosomes
consisting of identical sister chromatids appear, the nuclear envelope fragments, and
the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.

Metaphase ✅second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across
the center of the cell

Anaphase ✅the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate
and move toward opposite poles

Telophase ✅last phase of mitosis, chromosome are in two new cells and nuclear
membranes start to reform

Binary fission ✅type of asexual reproduction in which an organism replicates its DNA
and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells

What are the checkpoints for? ✅The cell must go through a checkpoint in order to
divide. If cells were able to divide uncontrollably they would create a tumor.

Carcinogens ✅cancer causing chemicals; mutates gene that controls cell cycle

Genes ✅sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait

Locus ✅the specific site of a particular gene on its chromosome

Meiosis ✅a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes
decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in
the production of sex cells

Diploid ✅term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous
chromosomes; 46 total- 23 pair

Interphase (meiosis) ✅chromosomes duplicate

Meiosis I ✅separates homologous chromosomes

Meiosis II ✅separates sister chromatids

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