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ECU Biology 1100 CH.17 Review Questions and Correct Answers $8.49
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ECU Biology 1100 CH.17 Review Questions and Correct Answers
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  • ECU BIO 1100
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  • ECU BIO 1100

The first step in converting genetic information into proteins is transcription Transcription Synthesis of an mrna version of the instructions stored in DNA Template strand RNA polymerase performs this synthesis by transcribing only one strand of DNA The other DNA strand is called non-template, ...

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  • September 23, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • ecu biology 1100 ch17 review questions and correc
  • the first step in converting genetic information i
  • transcription synthesis of an mrna version of the

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  • ECU BIO 1100
  • ECU BIO 1100

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ECU Biology 1100 CH.17 Review
Questions and Correct Answers
The first step in converting genetic information into proteins is ✅transcription

Transcription ✅Synthesis of an mrna version of the instructions stored in DNA

Template strand ✅RNA polymerase performs this synthesis by transcribing only one
strand of DNA

The other DNA strand is called ✅non-template, or coding strand
-Matches the sequence of the mrna
- expect u are where the T's are

RNA polymerase do not require a ✅primer

Phosphodietser linage is formed by ✅RNA polymerase after case pairing occurs

Initiation ✅1st phase of transcription

RNA polymerase cannot initiate ✅transcription on
its own

Prokaryotic RNA polymerase ✅holoenzyme

Sigma ✅protein subunit
- must first bind to the polymerase
- guiding RNA polymerase to specific promoter sequneces
- on the DNA template strand.

Holoenzyme ✅- made up of the core enzyme and a sigma subunit
- has ability to synthesize RNA

Sigma acts as a ✅regulatory factor

Bacterial promoters ✅Are comprised of 4050 base pairs

Bacterial promoters have 2 key regions ✅-10 box and -35 box

-10 box ✅- Is found 10 bases upstream from the transcription start site (the 1 site)
- Consists of the sequence TATAAT

, -35 box ✅Is 35 bases upstream from the 1 site
Consists of the sequence TTGACA

Sigma factors bind to the ✅-35 and -10 boxes
- in the promoter

Transcription begins ✅- When sigma, as part of the holoenzyme complex
- Binds to the -35 and -10 boxes

Sigma, and not RNA polymerase, makes ✅- The initial contact with DNA that starts
transcription
- Supporting the hypothesis that sigma is a regulatory protein

Most bacteria have several types of sigma proteins ✅Each type allows RNA
polymerase to bind to a different type of promoter therefore a different kind of gene

Sigma opens the DNA double helix ✅The template strand is threaded through the
RNA polymerase active site

Sigma dissociates from the core enzyme ✅Once the initiation phase of transcription is
completed

Elongation phase of transcription ✅- RNA polymerase moves along the DNA template
- Synthesizes RNA in the 5 3 direction

Termination phase ✅- RNA polymerase transcribes a transcription
termination signal
- In the DNA template into RNA

In bacteria the transcription termination signal ✅- Codes for RNA that forms a hairpin
structure
- Causes the RNA polymerase to separate from the RNA transcript and thus to end
transcription

Eukaryotes have A much more diverse and complex series of promoters than
✅prokaryotes

Eukaryotic promoters ✅A unique sequence called the TATA box
Centered about 30 base pairs upstream of the 1

As with bacteria, the RNA polymerase does not bind directly to the ✅promoter

Basal transcription factors ✅Bind to the DNA promoter
Initiate transcription

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