Essential Elements of Life carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen (make up 96% of body mass) Of the 92 natural elements, these are the key ones needed by an organism to live a healthy life and reproduce
trace elements elements required by an organism in only minute (very small) quantities (less than 0...
Biology 1100 ECU Chapter 2 Exam 1
Questions and Correct Answers
Essential Elements of Life ✅carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen (make up 96% of
body mass)
Of the 92 natural elements, these are the key ones needed by an organism to live a
healthy life and reproduce
trace elements ✅elements required by an organism in only minute (very small)
quantities (less than 0.01% of mass)
Examples: Boron, Chromium, cobalt, cooper, fluorine, iodine, iron, manganese, silicon,
tin
Atom ✅the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element
What are the three Subatomic particles (smaller parts of atoms) ✅1. Neutrons
2. Protons
3. Electrons
Neutron ✅A subatomic particle that has NO ELECTRICAL CHARGE and that is found
in the nucleus of an atom
Proton ✅A subatomic particle that has a POSITIVE charge and that is found in the
nucleus of an atom
Electron ✅A subatomic particle that has a NEGATIVE charge
Dalton ✅-A measure of mass for neutron mass and proton mass in atoms and
subatomic particles;
-the same as the atomic mass unit, or amu.
atomic number ✅the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
mass number ✅the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus
atomic mass ✅- an atoms total mass
- it is approximately the same number as the mass number (sum of protons and
neutrons)
- atomic mass = mass number
Isotopes ✅Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
, radioactive isotope ✅An isotope whose nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off
particles and energy.
Energy ✅The ability to do work or cause change
potential energy ✅the energy that matter possess because of its location or structure
electron shell ✅-An energy level representing the distance of an electron from the
nucleus of an atom.
-the energy level will increase with the distance from the nucleus
valence shell ✅-the outermost shell of an atom
-the chemical behavior of that atom depends on the number of electrons in the
outermost shell
valence electrons ✅The electrons in the outermost shell (main energy level) of an
atom; these are the electrons involved in forming bonds.
chemical bonds ✅the attractive forces that hold atoms close together
covalent bond ✅the sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms in a molecule
Molecule ✅two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
single bond ✅a covalent bond in which two atoms share ONE pair of electrons
-shown by 1 line (H-H)
double bond ✅A covalent bond in which TWO pairs of electrons are shared
- shown by 2 double lines (O=O)
valence or bonding capacity ✅Number of additional electrons needed to complete the
atom or fill the valence shell
Electronegativity ✅- an atom's attraction for the electrons of a covalent bond
-the ability of an atom to attract electrons
non polar covalent bond ✅atoms share electrons equally
polar covalent bond ✅- The unequal sharing of electrons
- unequal sharing of electrons causes a partial positive or negative charge for each
atom molecule
ionic bond ✅-the attraction between oppositely charged ions (cation and anion)
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