Exam (elaborations)
Nurs8024 Module 8 (Questions With Detailed Answers)
- Course
- Institution
Nurs8024 Module 8 (Questions With Detailed Answers)
[Show more]
Content preview
NURS8024: M6 – Questions & Accurate Answers (A+)Drugs affecting the ANS. Right Ans - Cholinergic: act on receptors that are
activated by ACh
Adrenergic: act on receptors that are stimulated by NE and E
BOTH: act by either stimulating or blocking receptors of the ANS
Sympathomimetics Right Ans - drugs that mimic that actions of E or NE
Adrenergic receptor agonists - relaxes airway, inhibits bronchoconstriction,
inhibits microvasc leakage
Stimulation of B2 receptors - relaxes airway, inhibits mediator release
Optimally delivered by inhalation
Benefits of inhaler spacer. Right Ans - decreases deposition of drug in
mouth
Reduces velocity of large-particle drugs
Improved amount of small-particle drug that gets into airway
Reduced GI absorption of drug
Adrenergic Agonists (Inhaled B2) Right Ans - selective B2 agonists
Drug of choice ONLY for mild intermittent symptoms (monotherapy)
Rescue therapy for all types of asthma
Direct-acting B2 agonists are potent vasodilators that relax airway smooth
muscle
Short-Acting B-Adrenergic Agonists (SABAs) Right Ans - bronchodilators
with DOS 2-4 hrs
,MOA: B2 stimulation, smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation
E.g. albuterol (PO/inhaled), levalbuterol, pirbuterol, terbutaline,
metaproterenol
Clinical Uses: asthma, COPD, bronchoconstriction, hyperK (temporarily)
ADEs: tachyC, tremor, N/V, HA, nervousness, hypoK, palpitations, insomnia
Serious ADEs: paradoxical bronchospasm, arrhythmias, angioedema,
increased LFTs (effects minimized with inhaled route)
OD: symptoms of excessive B stimulation - HTN, seizure, angina, tachyC,
arrhythmia, nervousness, dizziness, cardiac arrest, death
Notes: increased effect w/ other sympathomimetics, toxicity with
methylxanthines, decreased effect with BB use, decreased effectiveness of
insulin and PO hypoglycemics
Long-Acting B-Adrenergic Agonists (LABAs) Right Ans - bronchodilators
with DOA 12 hrs
MOA: B2 stimulation, smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation
E.g. salmeterol (dry powder), formoterol
ADEs: tremor, nervousness, tachyC, HA, palpitations, nasal congestion,
insomnia
Serious ADEs: bronchospasm, rash, angina, hypersensitivity reaction,
angioedema, arrhythmia, hypoK, metabolic acidosis
BBW: small (but sig) increase in asthma related death
Notes: MUST be combined with ICS in asthma
Ultra-Long-Acting B-Adrenergic Agonists
(U-LABAs) Right Ans - indacaterol, olodaterol, & vilanterol
, taken daily
currently approved only for COPD Tx
Ipratropium (Atrovent) Right Ans - inhaled cholinergic (muscarinic)
antagonist, short-acting (DOA 4-6 hrs)
MOA: blocks muscarinic receptors in ANS, promotes bronchodilation
less effective than B2 agonists
ADEs: HA, dizziness, fatigue, rash, cough, palpitations, URI symptoms, dry
mouth, constipation, urinary retention
Serious ADEs: anaphylaxis, worsening of NA glaucoma, paradoxical
bronchospasm, tachyC, urticaria
Notes: inhaled only, less effective in elderly, limited use in asthma, 1st line for
COPD, OK for preg/lact
Caution: myasthenia gravis, glaucoma, BPH, bladder neck obstruction
Tiotropium (Spiriva) Right Ans - inhaled cholinergic (muscarinic)
antagonist, long-acting (half-life 5-6 days)
MOA: blocks muscarinic receptors in ANS, promotes bronchodilation
Similar side effect/ADEs/contraindications as ipratropium
Corticosteroids Right Ans - modify the immune response to control
inflammation
Suppression of cytokine production, inhibits infiltration of irways by WBCs,
inhibits release of leukotrienes
Decreased mucosal edema & cap perm, decreased airway
hyperresponsiveness (AHR), decreased frequency and severity of
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller LeCrae. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $17.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75759 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now