blood pressure monitoring
1. Dos
2. Don't - ANSWER-1. Do
- go to the restroom and empty the bladder
- sit in a chair, both feet on the floor and relax for at least 5 minutes
- use the correct cuff size
- support the arm at heart level
- wait 1-2 minutes in between measurements
2. don'ts
- talk
- sit or lie down on an examination table
- drink caffeine, exercise or smoke 30 min prior
- use a finger or wrist monitor
drugs that can increase blood pressure - ANSWER-- ampetamines and ADHD drugs
- cocaine
- decongestants
- erythropoiesis stimulating agent
- immunosuppressants
- NSAIDS
- systemic steroids
1. which HTN med to NOT use during pregnancy
2. which HTN med to use during pregnancy - ANSWER-1. ACEi, ARB, aliskiren (all
have BBW for fetal toxicity)
2. only if chronic HTN if >160/105 and use:
- labetalol, nifedipine
- methyldopa
do combination drugs brand generic page 457 - ANSWER-
, ACEi and ARB major drug class - ANSWER-- angioedema
- hyperkalemia
- hypotension
- renal impairment
- COUGH
- increased SCr
- ARBs less cough, angioedema
Beta blockers - ANSWER-- not first line unless HF, MI, IHD
- common SE: decreased HR, fatigue, dizziness, depression
- metoprolol tartrate IV:PO= 1:2.5
central acting alpha 2 adrenergic agonist - ANSWER-1. clonidine (catapres)
- Kapvay for adhd
- do not discontinue abruptly
- rebound HTN/must taper
- dry mouth, somnolence, fatigue, dizziness, constipation, decrease HR, hypotension
- clonidine patch: apply weekly to clean, dry, hairless area on upper arm or chest,
remove before MRI
CHF - ANSWER-CHF
chronic heart failure is - ANSWER-- failure occurs when the heart is not able to supply
sufficient oxygen rich blood to the body
HF ejection fraction - ANSWER-1. EF < 40% systolic dysfunction (HFrEF)
2. EF > 40% diastolic dysfunction (HFpEF)
drugs that can cause or worsen HF - ANSWER-1. Drug Information NATION
- DPP 4 inhibitors (saxagliptin, alogliptin)
- immunosuppressants (adalimumab, etanercept)
- Non DHP CCB (diltiazem, verapamil)
- anti-arrhythmics (procainamide, flecainide, amiodarone)
- Thiazolidinediones
- itraconazole
- oncology drugs
- NSAIDs
LDL equation (friedwald equation) - ANSWER-LDL = TC - HDL - TG/5
- cannot use this equation if TG is >400
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