Pop Health Exam 2

Care Provided outside of Traditional Acute Care - Nurse Led Health Clinics (NLHC) Faith community/parish nurses Occupational health nurses Environmental health nurses Nursing centers - -Organizations that give clients access to professional nursing services and are administered by nurses in partnership with the community they serve -Rising movement emerging as vital "safety net providers" -Provider that by mandate or mission organizes and delivers a significant level of health care and other related services to the uninsured, Medicaid recipients, and other vulnerable populations Location -Usually in or near health professional shortage areas and medically underserved areas in both urban and rural communities Nursing Center Models/funding - -Criteria: location in a medically underserved area or serving a medically underserved population -Nonprofit, tax exempt, or public status -Board of directors; majority must be consumers of the centers health services -Provision of culturally competent, comprehensive primary care services to all age groups -Sliding scale fee and provision of services regardless of ability to pay Funding -Issue of sustainability -National Nurse Led Care Consortium -Strives to reduce health disparities and meet primary care and wellness needs via policy, consultation, programs and applied research -Leads advocacy efforts for nurse managed health care and supports public health initiatives roles of students - Undergraduate and graduate students play vital part in activities Nursing, social work, mental health, dental, nutrition, and speech language hearing students Most engaged in primary and secondary prevention strategies Roles such as advocate, case manager, change agent, educator, and referral agent faith community nurses - One of the newest specialities; oldest means of nursing care delivery Faith community: organizations of families and individuals sharing common values, beliefs, religious doctrine and faith practices Name changed to "faith community nurse" Advocate for the needs of the dying Addressing health conditions that are stigmatized, such as HIV Supporting patients with mental health issues Providing guidance during life transitions such as marriage, divorces, births, deaths, illness Promoting health education Models of care - Volunteer vs salaried positions Institutional vs faith based sponsorship Type of model adopted dependent on variables such as the following: -number of faith community members serves -existing health ministry services in place -faith communities governance structure and financial resources -existing health care systems in the community at large occupational and environmental health nurse - Work with employers to cultivate creative and business-appropriate health and safety programs Use interdisciplinary approach to advocate for cost effective, prevention-oriented health/safety programs Observe and assess workers health status, considering the workers job tasks and hazards Use nursing process to prevent occupational illness and injury Help organizations maintain compliance with federal, state and local laws, regulations and guidelines for workplace health and safety factors in the work environment that impact health - Physical Chemical Biological Ergonomic Psychosocial why do we care? - Essential provider of health care services in rurual factory settings Workplace exposures Agricultural settings Large manufacturing companies Screening and health promotion Roles Supervision care for emergencies and minor illness Counseling employees about health risks Following up with employees workers compensation claims Performing periodic health assessments Evaluating the health status of employees returning to work Future occupational health nurse responsibilities - Analyzing trends(health promotion, risk reduction, and health expenditures) Developing programs suited to corporate needs Recommending more efficient and cost effective in house health services Determining cost effective alternatives to health programs and services Collaborating with others to identify problems and propose solutions nurse entrepreneurship examples - Legal consults Forensic nurses Owners of home health care agencies Authors Nurse consultants in a variety of areas Public health nursing roles - Key functions in public settings Focus on health of populations Reflect needs and priorities of community Establish caring relationships individuals , families, communities and systems Be grounded in cultural sensitivity, compassion, social justice, and a belief in the worth of all people Understand all aspects of health Use strategies motivated by epidemiologic evidence Use individual/collaborative strategies to achieve results National roles of public health nursing - Role of federal government Oversees national policy and funding Provides expertise Sets a national agenda Health people initiatives State roles of public health nursing - state health departments Local roles of public health nursing - Local health department Carry out state laws and policies Provide the most direct, immediate care Work with state health department's Job duites of public health nurses - Assess: community data, trends, epidemiology, population growth data for planning services and environmental risks Diagnose: identification of properties, application of information and observation of changes and emergence of new issues Plan/implement: collaborative interventions, education and advocates to influence change Evaluate: programs and interventions, rates, and research involvement School nursing - Lina Rogers: first school nurse, at Henry Street Settlement in New York in 1902 Nursing specialty serving school age population Serves regular, special, and other education settings Role has expanded over the years key roles Act as a liaison between school health team, school Form positive relationships with admin, teachers Responsibilities of school nursing - Prevent illness Promote and maintain health of school community Identify health related barriers to learning Care for children with special health needs Provide general and emergency first aid Administer vision, hearing, scoliosis, Tb screenings Monitor height, weight, and blood pressure Provide oral health and dental education Assess and monitor immunizations needs Administer meds Assess acute health problems Provide health exams and referrals Train staff in CPR, infection precautions, and first aid Oversee the health and wellness of school staff Functions of school health practice - Health services for chronic conditions(individualized health plans for asthma, diabetes, seizures, food allergies; behavioral problems and learning disabilities; med admin Health services to prevent illness or injury: immunizations, safety measures Oral and dental health: teaching and referral Promotion of healthful school environment: nutrition, exercise, risk behaviors(sexual activity, substance abuse), mental health, abuse School based health centers Correctional nursing - Minimal if any health care to inmates 1976: supreme court ruling that not providing medical services inflicted pain and denied inmates of their 8th amendment rights Led to major reforms in correction health system Correctional medical services: largest provider of prison health care in the nation Corrections nurses work in on site medical units housed in criminal justice facilities(local jails, state if federal prisons) Responsibilities Functions Assess for basic health needs Treat injuries and minor acute medical conditions Assist with managing chronic conditions Track and screen for communicable disease Provide health promotion, discharge education Respond to critical medical emergencies Common health concerns facing corrections nurses - Hypertension Diabetes Pulmonary disorders Mental health issues Communicable diseases what is a family - Have a common emotional bond Interact with each other based on this bond Engage in interrelated social roles, and tasks Share a sense of affection and belonging Nursing care to improve the health and well-being of a family and its members by - Assessing individual and family health needs and strengths Identifying problems influencing the health and well being of the family and its individual family members Engaging in: teaching and counseling Evaluating progress toward shared goals Characteristics of family health nursing - Is a social system Moves through stages in its life cycle Has its own cultural values and rules Has certain basic functions Own traditions Has structure Has role for its members: members have multiple roles and roles change through time Healthy family systems are - Are interdependent Maintain boundaries Adapt to change Are goal oriented 6 basic family functions(IMPORTANT) - Providing affection Providing safety and security: physical, emotional and mental Instilling and developing identity Promoting affiliation with community Providing socialization Establishing controls The Traditional Family Life Cycle - 1. Forming of a partnership 2. Childbearing 3. Preschool age children 4. School age children 5. Teenage children 6. Launching children 7. Middle aged parents 8. Aging family members Family structure: dramatic changes in structure over time - Decrease in number of marriages and long term partnerships Increase in unmarried couples living together Divorce and blended families Increase in births outside marriage Extended families, multicultural families, LGBTQ families traditional family structures - Nuclear family -Nuclear dyad family -Single adult family -Multigenerational families -Divorced and blended families Contemporary Family Structures - Single parent family Family headed by: adolescent parent/parents and cohabitating partners LQBTQ family Grandparents/extended family raising kids Every family has a culture - Family members share values and beliefs that affect family behavior Certain roles are prescribed and defined by and for members A family's culture determines its distribution and use of power Changes through time - Traditional family structure no longer dominant Nontraditional families no longer seen as abnormal or deviant More young adults are living with their parents Digital age, social media