Definition 1 of 53
-There is a lack of data to support transitions from prescriptive to performance-based
standards for onsite systems
-New onsite technologies lack sustainable onsite wastewater implementation and
performance data, including during droughts and flooding, to address emerging threats
Exploratory Research
Changes in Growth Rates
Wastewater Management
Population Attributes
Definition 2 of 53
1. Environmental Science
2. Environmental Epidemiology
3. Environmental and Occupational Medicine
4. Environmental Toxicology
6 Topic Areas of Environmental Health
Four Subdivisions of Environmental Health
Essential Services of Environmental Health
Food Safety
,Definition 3 of 53
-Characteristics unique to a given population (birth and death rates, age structure, spatial
distribution)
-Helpful for predicting how the population will respond to environmental changes
Population Growth Forms
Population Dynamics
Explanatory Research
Population Attributes
Definition 4 of 53
-Aspects of human health, including quality of life, that are determined by physical, chemical,
biological, social, and psychosocial processes in the environment
-Theory and practice of assessing, correcting, controlled, and preventing those factors in the
environment that can potentially adversely affect the health of present and future generations
Environmental Toxicology
Environmental Science
Environmental Epidemiology
Environmental Health
,Definition 5 of 53
-Integrates physical, biological, and information sciences
-Ecology, biology, physics, chemistry, plant science, zoology, mineralogy, soil science,
atmospheric science, etc.
LACv in Environmental Science:
Combined knowledge of biology, ecology, and plant science (among others) to determine the
habitat of Aedes triseriatus the main vector of La Crosse virus
Environmental Impacts of Urbanization
Environmental Exposures
Environmental Epidemiology
Environmental Science
Definition 6 of 53
- Tool used to evaluate and intergrate evidence while making decisions and recommendations
transparent
-Formulating the research question, quality of evidence, and recomendations and evidence-
to-decision framework
G = Grading of
R = Recommendations
A = Assessments
D = Development and
E = Evaluation
Environmental Epidemiology
GRADE Approach in Environmental Health
Exploratory Research
Wastewater Management
, Definition 7 of 53
-Still highly debated
-Conclusion (by some) in industrialized societies that children are an economic liability
(expensive to feed, clothe, and educate)
-Mechanization of farming reduced need for amount of needed manual labor
-Western Europe and North America
-Will other developing nations follow this trend?
Descriptive Research
Vectors and Public Health Pests
Reasons for Demographic Transition
#1 Cause of Death From Environment
Definition 8 of 53
Maximum achievable growth rate with unlimited space in the absence of limiting factors
(disease, predation, food supply)
Age Structure
Biotic Potential
Limiting Factors
Growth Rate
Definition 9 of 53
-Study of ecological principles that govern the ways in which populations change in size
-Important for planning
-Important for management of resources
-Sustainability
Explanatory Research
Population Dynamics
Population Growth Forms
Population Projections
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