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LING 115 Final questions with complete solutions 2024
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LING 115 Final questions with complete solutions 2024
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LING 115 FinalAffective use of language - correct answer ✔using language to
establish/maintain/strengthen social relations. greetings, small talk, etc. no
real info of value
Referential use of language - correct answer ✔using language to give
information
Bilingual profile (6) - correct answer ✔How mother tongue/first language and
second language are acquired (simultaneously or sequentially)
Degree of proficiency in L1 and L2, which is dominant and how much
When L1 and L2 are used
Attitudes toward L1 and L2
Internal (cultural, psychological) and external (economic, educational)
pressures to maintain L1 and L2
Biculturalism - To what extent are L1 and L2 related to cultures the speaker
identifies with?
Immigration and bilingualism - correct answer ✔Children of immigrants
usually acquire L1 at home and L2 outside home
,Close contact with multiple linguistic groups and bilingualism - correct answer
✔Contact between members of different language groups common -> more
easy bilingualism, occurs where sizable minority populations are found
Growing up in a bilingual family - correct answer ✔One language one parent
principle
Parents must be consistent in using only their mother tongue language with
child, child perceives need to learn both languages, child receives enough
input from both languages to acquire proficiency in them
When one language is not used outside home, child may fail to maintain
knowledge of it
Children from linguistic majorities - correct answer ✔Learn another language
at school through immersion programs or foreign language classes, tend to
come from monolingual backgrounds
Children from linguistic minorities - correct answer ✔Parents are both
speakers of a single minority language, under great pressure to learn majority
language, especially if language of minority is not officially recognized
Phonological development and bilingualism - correct answer ✔Children have
to learn 2 distinct phonological systems and keep them separate. Generally
an astounding lack of sound confusion in children exposed to 2 languages.
Children often borrow words from one language and change phonology to fit
in the other.
Lexical development and bilingualism - correct answer ✔Development of
lexical knowledge not clearly separated
, 1-3, children don't know words belong to different languages
Adolescents and adults with bilingualism - correct answer ✔Hardly reach
native-like proficiency, have accents
Critical language - correct answer ✔After age 6-7, acquiring new languages
is much more difficult
Challenge critical language - correct answer ✔Brain gets accustomed to one
language and its difficult to accept a new system later on
Language loss, spanish girl - correct answer ✔6 year old Spanish girl placed
in completely French environment completely lost Spanish in 3 months,
acquired French equal to locals within the year
3 Stage Model of Bilingual Acquisition - correct answer ✔Stage 1 - Children
have single lexical and syntactic system which comprises items/words from 2
languages regularly heard without separating them into separate groups
Stage 2 - Lexicon becomes differentiated, continued unification of 2 input
languages' syntax. Children aware words belong to different systems, but
believe there is a single syntactic system to make sentences with both types
of words
Stage 3 - Children realize 2 distinct syntactic systems, one for each lexicon
Stage 1 of 3 Stage Model - correct answer ✔Lasts 5-6 months, 65-85 items
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