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HCB TEST 4 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
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HCB TEST 4 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
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HCB TEST 4 QUESTIONS & ANSWERSWhat is the purpose of the respiratory system? - answers -ventilate and oxygenate the
remaining body systems and tissues
Airway - answers -passageway by which air enters and leaves the body.
Alveolar ventilation - answers -the amount of air that reaches the alveoli
Artificial ventilation - answers -forcing air or oxygen into the lungs when a patient has
stopped breathing or has inadequate breathing (positive pressure ventilation)
Apnea - answers -no breathing
Cellular respiration - answers -exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells
and circulating blood
Contraction of smooth muscle that lines the bronchial passages that results in a
decreased internal diameter of the airway and increased resistance to airflow - answers
-bronchoconstriction
Cyanosis - answers -blush color of the skin due to insufficient oxygen levels in the blood
Diffusion - answers -process by which molecules move from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration
Dyspnea - answers -difficult or labored breathing; shortness of breath
Flail chest - answers -fracture of two or more adjacent ribs in two or more places that
allows for free movement of the fractured segment
Flowmeter - answers -valve that indicated the flow of oxygen reaching the tissues of the
body
Hypoxia - answers -deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues of the body
Intercostal - answers -situated or extending between the ribs
Nasopharyngeal airway - answers -flexible breathing tube inserted through the patient's
nostril into the pharynx to help maintain an open airway
Oropharyngeal airway - answers -curved device inserted through the patient's mouth
into the pharynx to help maintain an open airway
Paradoxical motion - answers -movement of ribs in flail segment that is opposite to the
direction of movement of the rest of the chest cavity
, Retractions - answers -pulling in the skin and soft tissue between the ribs when
breathing
What are the three regions of the pharynx? - answers -oropharynx, nasopharynx,
laryngopharynx
Oropharynx - answers -where the oral cavity joins the pharynx
Nasopharynx - answers -where the nasal passages empty into the pharynx
What is the movement of air in the upper airway? - answers -air enters the body through
the mouth and nose. Posterior and inferior to the mouth and nasal passages, air enters
the pharynx
What is the entry point into the larynx called? - answers -glottis opening
Epiglottis - answers -large leaf-like structure that protects the glottis to prevent food and
foreign objects from entering the trachea
Lower airway - answers -begins below the larynx and is composed of the trachea,
bronchi, bronchioles, and the alveoli
All air passages are supported by what and lined with what? - answers -cartilage and
smooth muscles
Laryngopharynx - answers -structures surrounding the entrance to the trachea; divides
upper airway and lower airway
What does smooth muscle do? - answers -allows the bronchioles to change their
diameter in response to specific stimulation
The bronchi branch further into smaller and smaller air passages called what? -
answers -bronchioles
What are alveoli? - answers -small sacs within the lungs where gas exchange takes
place with the bloodstream across the alveolar-capillary membrane
What does the diaphragm do? - answers -divides the chest cavity from the abdominal
cavity and helps a person inhale and exhale
Trachea - answers -tube protected by 16 rings of cartilage
What are the important landmarks of the respiratory system? - answers -pharynx,
trachea, suprasternal notch, costal angle, vertebra prominence, clavicles, xyphoid
process, intercostal spaces, mid-sternal line, right and left mid-clavicular lines, right and
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