Exam (elaborations)
NURB 3050 Final Exam Study Guide
- Course
- Institution
NURB 3050 Final Exam Study Guide ...
[Show more]
Content preview
NURB 3050 Final Exam StudyGuide
Edema - Answer an excess of fluid in the interstitial compartment, which causes a
swelling or enlargement of tissues
Prolonged edema interferes with - Answer venous return, arterial circulation, and cell
function
Causes of edema - Answer 1. increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
2. decreased plasma osmotic pressure in the capillaries
3. lymphatic obstruction
4. increased capillary pearmeability
Increased Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure - Answer -equivalent to higher blood pressure
-forces excessive fluid out of capillary into tissue
Hypervolemia - Answer increased blood volume cause by kidney failure, pregnancy, and
CHF
Decreased Plasma Osmotic Pressure in the Capillaries - Answer -loss of plasma
proteins
Lymphatic obstruction - Answer - tumor or infection damages a lymph node or lymph
node is removed
-cannot circulate lymph fluid
Increased Capillary Permeability - Answer - results from an inflammatory response,
bacterial toxins, burn or wound infections
Effects of Edema - Answer -localized swelling
- redness or pale
-pain
-pitting edema
-weight gain
-headache
,-functional impairment
-impaired arterial circulation
- susceptible to tissue breakdown
-high BP
Dehyrdration - Answer insufficient body fluid resulting from either inadequate intake or
excessive loss of fluids, or a combination of both
-measured by change in weight
hypovolemia - Answer loss of fluids in the vascular compartment (bloodstream)
Causes of dehydration - Answer -vomiting and diarrhea
-excessive sweating
-GI suction
-DKA
-insufficient water intake
-use of concentrated formula for infants
diabetic ketoacidosis - Answer insufficient insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels
and mobilization of lipids
effects of dehydration - Answer dry mucous membrane
decreased skin turgor
Low BP, weak pulse
fatigue
increased hematocrit
decreasing mental function
confusion & loss of conciousness
turgor - Answer elasticity
hematocrit - Answer percentage of red blood cells in volume of blood
body compensated for dehydration by - Answer increasing thirst
increasing heart rate
constricting cutaneous blood vessels
, producing less urine
Third spacing - Answer fluids shifting out of the body into a body cavity or tissue where it
is no longer available as circulating fluid
- shift causes a fluid deficit in vascular compartment (hypovolemia) and fluid excess in
the interstitial space
Hyponatremia - Answer -deficit of sodium
- caused by early chronic renal failure, sweating, vomiting and diarrhea, diuretics (fluid
pills), hormonal imbalances, excessive water intake
effects of hyponatremia - Answer anorexia, nausea, cramps, fatigue, lethargy, muscle
weakness, headache, confusion, seizure, decreased BP, impaired nerve conduction,
hypovolemia
hypernatremia - Answer increased amount of sodium
-caused by large amount of sodium intake, insufficient ADH, loss of thirst, watery
diarrhea, prolonged periods of respiration
effects of hypernatremia - Answer weakness, agitation, firm subcutaneous cells,
increased thirst, dry mouth, decreased urine output
Hypokalemia - Answer deficient potassium levels
-caused by: diarrhea, diuresis associated w/ diuretic drugs, excessive hormones that
regulate electrolytes(aldosterone or glucocorticoids), decreased dietary intake
(alcoholism, eating disorders, starvation), treatment of DKA w/ insulin
effects of hypokalemia - Answer cardiac dysrhythmias leading to cardiac arrest,
interferes w/ neuromuscular function, fatigue, nausea, muscle weakness, parethesias,
decreased appetite (anorexia), shallow breaths, polyuria, impaired renal function
Hyperkalemia - Answer excessive potassium levels
-caused by kidney failure, deficit of aldosterone, use of "potassium-sparing" drugs
(diuretics), prolonged acidosis,
crash injuries/burns (leakage of potassium out of cells into blood)
effects of hyperkalemia - Answer cardiac dysrhythmias that leads to cardiac arrest,
muscle weakness to paralysis, impairment of neuromuscular activity, fatigue, nausea,
parathesias
hypocalcemia - Answer deficit in calcium levels
-caused by hypoparathyroidism, malabsorption syndrome, deficient serum albumin,
increased serum pH
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Zayla. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
83822 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now