Term 1 of 145
Examples of exposure data in ecologic studies include:
NOT THE ANSWER B. (A/A+B) / (C/C+D)
allows causal inference from descriptive data.
the prevalence of the disease
All of the above
Term 2 of 145
The purpose of a double-blind study is to:
avoid observer and interviewee bias.
reports of absenteeism from work and school
avoid observer bias and sampling variation.
standardized protocol for structured interviews.
Term 3 of 145
True or False? A prerequisite for using direct age adjustment is that the age-specific death
rates in the study population must be stable.
True
False
Term 4 of 145
True or False? A dynamic population is one that adds new members through immigration and
births and loses members through emigration and deaths.
True
False
,Term 5 of 145
True or False? An important risk factor for the population is always important for the individual.
True
False
Term 6 of 145
The risk of acquiring a given disease during a time period is best determined by:
the genetic factors associated with the disease
the environmental risk factors for the disease
the prevalence of the disease in the population
the incidence rate (cumulative incidence) for that disease in a given period of time.
Term 7 of 145
True or False? Calculation of the standardized mortality ratio is an example of the direct
method of age adjustment.
True
False
Term 8 of 145
The uses of epidemiology include:
reduce error that results from assignment to study conditions
All the above
All of the above
biological agents-helminth
,Term 9 of 145
Identify which of the following six types of study designs most appropriately characterizes the
situation described below.
The entire population of a given community is examined, and all who are judged to be free
from bowel cancer are questioned extensively about their diets. These people then are
followed for several years to see whether or not their eating habits will predict their risk of
developing bowel cancer.
Prospective cohort study
Community trial
Clinical trial
Case control study
Term 10 of 145
True or False? Physical environmental factors in the natural history of disease include weather,
temperature, and biologic components.
True
False
Term 11 of 145
Which types of health issues are likely to be addressed in community trials?
All of the above topics - see page 794
All of the above topics - see page 387
All of the above topics - see page 397
All of the above topics - see page 297
Term 12 of 145
True or False? Herd immunity must be 100% to confer protection to a group.
True
False
, Term 13 of 145
Cohort study is to risk ratio as:
Cross-sectional study is to prevalence.
Case-control study is to odds ratio.
ANSWER IS NOT - A and C
Randomized Controlled Trial is To placebo Effect.
Term 14 of 145
Using epidemiology for operational research involves:
the prevalence of the disease
study of community health services
surveillance of a population
clinical trial
Term 15 of 145
What factors should be considered in measuring long-term changes in disease frequency over
time?
Impact evaluation
True - p. 115
low prevalence
All of the above
Term 16 of 145
True or False? The National Health Survey consists of several distinct programs conducted by
the National Center for Health Statistics.
True
False
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