Exam (elaborations)
HLTH 503 FINAL CUMULATIVE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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HLTH 503 FINAL CUMULATIVE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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Name: Score:143 Multiple choice questions
Term 1 of 143
A new antibody test detects serum antibodies against virus X (sensitivity 99%, specificity 90%).
When applied in a group of hospitalized patients diagnosed as having virus X infections, the
test is found to have a positive predictive value of 85%. When used to screen a group of
healthy blood donors for virus X infections, the test is found to have a positive predictive value
of 30%. Which of the following best explains this difference between the positive predictive
values?
They interest the public and physicians concerned with preventive medicine.
Reports of absenteeism from work and school.
The prevalence of virus X infection is higher among the hospital patients than among
blood donors
The prevalence of the disease
Term 2 of 143
A null hypothesis is most similar to which of the following?
A new epidemic disorder.
diagnostic test
Impact evaluation.
Negative declaration.
,Term 3 of 143
Descriptive epidemiology characterizes the amount and distribution of disease within a
population and enables the researcher to:
A) Make direct tests of etiologic hypotheses
B)generate testable hypotheses regarding etiology
C)evaluate trends in health and disease within a population
D) All of the above
E) B and C only: Answer.
A) childhood hepatitis B infections
B) human papilloma virus infections
C) hepatitis A among children younger than 6 years old
D) adult hepatitis A infections.
E) A,B, and C: Answer!
A) Malaria
B) Hepatitis caused by needle sticks
C) HIV/AIDS
D)Pneumoconiosis
E) A and B: answer.
>nature of the data
>Availability of the data
>Completeness of the data
> all of the above: answer.
Term 4 of 143
If it is accepted that an observed association is a causal one, an estimate of the impact that a
successful preventive program might have can be derived from:
odds ratio
relative risk
population attributable proportion
attributable risk
,Term 5 of 143
The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey is a continuing probability survey of physicians
who practice in public settings such as V.A. centers
True
False
Term 6 of 143
An ecologic study is one that examines a group as a unit of analysis.
True
False
Term 7 of 143
In a survey which uses lay interviewers to interview one person about his or her health and the
health of household members, the sources of error include:
A)the person with disease has had no symptoms and is not aware of the disease.
B)the respondent provides the information but the interviewer doesn't record it or
records it incorrectly.
C)the interviewer doesn't ask the questions that he or she is instructed to ask, or asks
them incorrectly.
D)the person has had symptoms and has had medical attention but does not know the
name of the disease.
E) All of the above
Smoking seems much more likely to be causally related to lung cancer than to coronary
thrombosis.
A morbidity survey of the general population
True
, Term 8 of 143
Cautious use of information from death certificates is warranted because:
A morbidity survey of the general population
Impact evaluation.
Cause of death information may not be correct,
Occupation: more than 10 percent of america's coal miners with 25 or more years of
experience have black lung disease.
medication: roughly 21 to 29 percent of patients prescribed opioids for chronic pain
misuse them. between 8 and 12 percent of people using an opioid for chronic pain
develop an opioid use disorder.
diet: the us obesity prevalence was 42.4% in 2017 - 2018.
alcohol: in 2019, of the 85,688 liver disease deaths among individuals ages 12 and older,
43.1 percent involved alcohol.
smoking: smoking, a main cause of small cell and non-small cell lung cancer, contributes
to 80 percent and 90 percent of lung cancer deaths in women and men, respectively.
family history: a family health history can identify people with a higher-than-usual
chance of having common disorders, such as heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke,
certain cancers, and type 2 diabetes.
religion: regular religious practice lessens depression, promotes self-esteem, and builds
familial and marital happiness. religious worship also increases longevity, improves an
individual's chances of recovering from illness, and lessens the incidence of many
diseases.
leisure activities/exercise habits: lack of exercise is associated with higher bmi rates,
leading to obesity.
sexual habits: homosexuality can increase risk of hiv/aids
(women only) menstruation patterns: women using tampons have an additional risk of
contracting toxic shock syndrome.
i am very confused as the book does not state 10 but three characteristics of persons:
age, ethnicity/race and sex.
i got 3/3 points of this so who the heck knows:/
Term 9 of 143
A cross-sectional study allows the demonstration of a time sequence between exposure and
disease.
True
False
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