1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
Maryville NURS 611 patho exam 1
Questions and Correct Answers |
Latest Update
Apoptosis
~:- A programmed cell death that is regulated or programmed. Cellular self-
destruction for elimination or unwanted cell populations
Necrosis
~:- Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure, organelle swelling,
mitochondria dysfunction
What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis (especially the
kidney and heart)
~:- hypoxia
What is the #1 cause of hypoxia?
~:- ischemia
Main component of a cell
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
~:- nucleus
What does the nucleus contain?
~:- nucleolus
What is the nucleolus composed of?
~:- RNA, most of cellular DNA, DNA binding proteins, and histones
Why are histone important?
~:- histones bind to DNA and fold it into chromosomes (chromatin) which is
essential for cell division
What are ribosomes?
~:- RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the
nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear
envelope called nuclear pore complexes (NPCs)
Where can ribosomes be found?
~:- cytoplasm and rough ER
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
what are ribosomes chief function?
~:- provides sits for cellular protein synthesis
What is the Golgi apparatus (complex)?
~:- a network of flatten, smooth membranes and vesicles frequently located
near the nucleus of the cell
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
~:- takes proteins from the ER and processes/packages them into small
membrane-bound vesicles called "secretory vesicles, and refines and directs
traffic in the cell
What are lysosomes and what do they do?
~:- maintain cellular health by removal of toxic cellular components, removal
of useless organelles, termination of signal transduction, and signals cellular
adaption
How does aging affect lysosomes?
~:- leads to progressive loss of lysosomal efficiency which declines the
regenerative capacity of organs and tissue
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
What functions do lysosomal components integrate?
~:- nutrient abundance, energy levels, and cell stressors and will translate
them into instructions that regulate cellular metabolism toward either
proliferation or inactivity
What is mitochondria responsible for?
~:- cellular respiration, cellular metabolism , and energy production
What does the inner membrane of mitochondria contain?
~:- enzymes of the respiratory chain and are essential to the process of
oxidative phosphorylation that generates most of the cell's ATP
The mitochondrial matrix contains what kind of pathways (1), involve what
two things (2), and metabolizes what three things (3)?
~:- 1- metabolic
2- urea and heme synthesis
3- carbs, proteins, and lipids
What can accumulate intracellularly caused by stresses form metabolic
dearangements?
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
Maryville NURS 611 patho exam 1
Questions and Correct Answers |
Latest Update
Apoptosis
~:- A programmed cell death that is regulated or programmed. Cellular self-
destruction for elimination or unwanted cell populations
Necrosis
~:- Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure, organelle swelling,
mitochondria dysfunction
What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis (especially the
kidney and heart)
~:- hypoxia
What is the #1 cause of hypoxia?
~:- ischemia
Main component of a cell
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
~:- nucleus
What does the nucleus contain?
~:- nucleolus
What is the nucleolus composed of?
~:- RNA, most of cellular DNA, DNA binding proteins, and histones
Why are histone important?
~:- histones bind to DNA and fold it into chromosomes (chromatin) which is
essential for cell division
What are ribosomes?
~:- RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the
nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear
envelope called nuclear pore complexes (NPCs)
Where can ribosomes be found?
~:- cytoplasm and rough ER
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
what are ribosomes chief function?
~:- provides sits for cellular protein synthesis
What is the Golgi apparatus (complex)?
~:- a network of flatten, smooth membranes and vesicles frequently located
near the nucleus of the cell
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
~:- takes proteins from the ER and processes/packages them into small
membrane-bound vesicles called "secretory vesicles, and refines and directs
traffic in the cell
What are lysosomes and what do they do?
~:- maintain cellular health by removal of toxic cellular components, removal
of useless organelles, termination of signal transduction, and signals cellular
adaption
How does aging affect lysosomes?
~:- leads to progressive loss of lysosomal efficiency which declines the
regenerative capacity of organs and tissue
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
What functions do lysosomal components integrate?
~:- nutrient abundance, energy levels, and cell stressors and will translate
them into instructions that regulate cellular metabolism toward either
proliferation or inactivity
What is mitochondria responsible for?
~:- cellular respiration, cellular metabolism , and energy production
What does the inner membrane of mitochondria contain?
~:- enzymes of the respiratory chain and are essential to the process of
oxidative phosphorylation that generates most of the cell's ATP
The mitochondrial matrix contains what kind of pathways (1), involve what
two things (2), and metabolizes what three things (3)?
~:- 1- metabolic
2- urea and heme synthesis
3- carbs, proteins, and lipids
What can accumulate intracellularly caused by stresses form metabolic
dearangements?
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
