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NURS 310 Exam 1
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NURS 310 Exam 1What are the different types of functional changes (3) associated with aging? - ANS -
Physical/Biological Changes
- Psychological Changes
- Social Functioning Changes
What is "Ageism"? - ANS Stereotyping, discrimination, and prejudice against someone based solely
on aging
What is "Successful Aging"? - ANS "less disease and disability, high level of cognitive and physical
functioning, and active social engagement" (Feng et al., 2016)
What are the four types of theories of aging? - ANS 1. Biological
2. Psychological
3. Sociologic
4. Other Nursing Theories (Functional Consequences Theory and Theory of Successful Aging)
What are the two views of Biological Aging Theory (and what do they each mean)? - ANS 1.
Stochastic (the effects of aging are results of random insults from internal and external
environments)
2. Non-stochastic (aging changes result from complex, predetermined processes)
What is the main Psychological Theory of Aging? - ANS Erikson's 8 Stages of Development ("Ego
Integrity vs. Despair" when it comes to older adults)
What is the main Sociologic Theory of Aging (and what does it mean)? - ANS Disengagement Theory
(mutual withdraw from society)
What are the two other nursing theories of aging (and what do they mean) - ANS 1. Functional
Consequences Theory (_______)
2. Theory of Successful Aging ("less disease and disability, high level of cognitive and physical
functioning, and active social engagement" (Feng et al., 2016))
, Sort the following into Stochastic and Non-Stochastic views:
- Free Radical Theory
- Programmed/Apoptosis
- Wear and Tear - ANS Stochastic:
- Free Radical Theory
- Wear and Tear
Non-Stochastic:
- Programmed/Apoptosis
What is Free Radical Theory? - ANS Free Radical Theory falls under the category of the Stochastic
View of aging and states that aging is due to the oxidative metabolism and the effect of free radicals
What is Wear and Tear Theory - ANS Wear and Tear theory falls under the category of the Stochastic
view of aging and states that aging is due to the repeated use and injury of the body over time
(smoking, poor diet, substance abuse)
What is Programmed/Apoptosis Theory? - ANS Programmed/Apoptosis Theory falls under the
category of the Non-Stochastic view of aging and states that aging is due to programmed cell death
throughout life due to biochemical events (normal parts of life; ex.: neuro degenerative disease)
In what ways do we change as we age physiologically and developmentally?
(Hint: CN VIII, Skin, Respiratory, MSK, GI, GU, Immune System) - ANS - CN VIII (presbycusis - hearing
loss)
- Skin: decrease in collagen, elasticity, sweat gland, heat susceptibility
Respiratory: decreased cough reflex (can lead to dysphagia)
- MSK: sarcopenia (decreased muscle mass, function, walking speed, and grip strength)
- GI: delayed gastric emptying, decreased peristalsis, muscle tone, impaired drug metabolism (Liver
decreases in size by 50% and function, not appetite)
- GU: constipation
- Immune System: (aging of immune system)
In what ways do we change as we age psychologically?
(Hint: Personality, Learning, Intelligence, Sexuality) - ANS - Personality: no drastic changes with age
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