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ATLS Module 6 - Head trauma Exam Questions and Answers 2024/2025( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).
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ATLS Module 6 - Head trauma Exam Questions and Answers 2024/2025( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).
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ATLS Module 6 - Head traumaWhat is the primary goal of treatment for patients with suspected traumatic brain injury (TBI)? -
ANS prevent secondary brain injury
*red text*
What is the most important way to limit secondary brain damage and improve a patient's
outcome? - ANS ensure adequate oxygenation and maintain blood pressure at a level sufficient
enough to perfuse the brain
After managing ABCDEs in a pt with head trauma and neurosurgical capabilities exist at your
hospital, what do you do> - ANS it is critical to identify any mass lesion requiring surgical
evacuation... this is best achieved via CT scan of head
What is the risk of scalp lacerations? - ANS scalp has a generous blood supply, so they can
result in major blood loss, hemorrhagic shock, and even death... esp pts who are subjected to
long transport times
of the meninges, what is the tough fibrous membrane that adheres to the internal surface of the
skull & encloses the large venous sinuses that provide the major venous drainage from the
brain? - ANS dura mater
*laceration of these sinuses can result in massive hemorrhage
meningeal arteries are between the dura and internal surface of the skull within the epidural
space... overlying skull fractures can lacerate these and cause an epidural hematoma... what is
the most commonly injured meningeal vessel> - ANS middle meningeal artery... located over
the temporal fossa
*expanding hematoma from arterial injury can lead to rapid deterioration and death
The thin, transparent layer beneath the dura is the arachnoid mater. dura and arachnoid are not
connected, so there is a potential space (subdural space). What may happen in this area due to
brain injury? - ANS bridging veins that travel from the surface of the brain to venous sinuses
within the dura mater may tear... leading to formation of subdural hematoma
the 3rd layer of the meninges, the pia mater, is firmly attached to the surface of the brain. The
subarachnoid space is the space between the pia and arachnoid. what fills this space? - ANS
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fills the space between the watertight arachnoid and pia... which
cushions the brain and spinal cord
, *hemorrhage in this space frequently accompanies brain contusion and injuries to major blood
vessels at base of brain
what hemisphere of the cerebrum contains the language center in virtually all right handed
people & >85% left handed people? - ANS left hemisphere
what lobe of cerebrum controls executive fx, emotions, motor fx, and (on the dominant side)
expression of speech? - ANS frontal lobe
what lobe directs sensory fx and spacial orientation? - ANS parietal lobe
what lobe regulates certain memory functions? - ANS temporal lobe
what lobe is responsible for vision? - ANS occipital lobe
the brainstem is composed of midbrain, pons, and medulla... what region contains the reticular
activating system which is responsible for state of alertness? - ANS midbrain and upper pons
what part of the brainstem contains the vital cardiorespiratory centers which extend downward
to connect with spinal cord? - ANS medulla
what structure is mainly responsible for coordination and balance, projects posteriorly into
posterior fossa and connects to the spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebral hemispheres? - ANS
cerebellum
the ventricles are a system of CSF filled spaces and aqueducts within the brain... CSF is
produced by ventricles and constantly absorbed over the surface of the brain. What can occur
with the presence of blood within the CSF? - ANS blood within the CSF can impair its
reabsorption, thus increasing intracranial pressure.... edema and mass lesions (hematomas)
can cause effacement or shifting of normally symmetric ventricles
what tough meningeal partitions divides the intracranial cavity into supratentorial and
infratentorial compartments? - ANS tentorium cerebelli
what does the midbrain pass through? - ANS tentorial hiatus or notch
what nerve runs along the edge of the tentorium and may become compressed against it during
temporal lobe hermiation? - ANS oculomotor nerve (CNIII)
where do the parasympathetic fibers that constrict the pupil lie? - ANS surface of CN III... so
compression of these during herniation causes pupillary dilation due to unopposed sympathetic
activity (aka "blown pupil")
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