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ATLS 10.8 Exam Questions with complete solution latest version 2024/2025 Already Graded A+.
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ATLS 10.8 Exam Questions with complete solution latest version 2024/2025 Already Graded A+.
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ATLS 10.8Long bone fractures above and below the diaphragm are associated with ________ injuries.
internal torso
Unstable pelvic fractures and open femur fractures are often associated with
________________.
significant hemorrhage
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Bilateral femoral fractures have higher risks for ________ and management should include
________
1. significant blood loss, severe associated injuries, pulmonary complications, multiple organ
failure, and mortality.
2. early transfer to a trauma centre.
Severe crush injuries can result in delayed ______, which has this major complication.
rhabdomyolysis / leading to renal failure.
Crush syndrome is also known as:
traumatic rhabdomyolysis
Rhabdomyolysis has many complications, including:
acute renal failure
, hemodynamic shock
disability
pulmonary failure
hyperkalemia
hypocalcemia
DIC
metabolic acidosis
Diagnostic features of crush syndrome include:
Dark amber urine that tests positive for hemoglobin
A positive myoglobin assay
Serum creatinine kinase of ≥10,000 U/L
Metabolic derangement (e.g. metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia)
Coagulopathy (e.g. DIC)
Management of crush syndrome:
Early and aggressive IV fluid resuscitation
Alkalinization of the urine with intravenous administration of bicarbonate
Osmotic diuresis
Dialysis in select cases
Define compartment syndrome and its consequence.
Swelling into an intact muscular fascial space can cause an acute compartment syndrome that
may lead to lasting impairment and loss of extremity without immediate diagnosis and treatment.
Fat embolism syndrome definition and sequelae:
An uncommon but highly lethal complication of long bone fractures, can lead to pulmonary
failure and impaired cerebral function.
Management of severe hemorrhage in MSK injuries:
1. Direct pressure is the most effective way to achieve hemorrhage control for deep soft tissue
lacerations.
2. Appropriate splinting of long bone fractures can significantly reduce bleeding.
3. If a fracture is open, application of a sterile pressure dressing typically controls hemorrhage.
4. Concurrent fluid resuscitation is an important adjunct to mechanical measures.
Management of traumatic amputation:
1. Application of a tourniquet if accompanied by severe hemorrhage.
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