NURS 221 CH Question and answers verified to pass 2024/2025 NURS 221 CH. 31 Medication Administration
Medication Legislation and Standards - correct answer ◦Federal regulations
◦State and local regulation of medication
◦Health care agencies and medication laws: have regulations that we h...
NURS 221 CH. 31 Medication
Administration
Medication Legislation and Standards - correct answer ✔◦Federal
regulations
◦State and local regulation of medication
◦Health care agencies and medication laws: have regulations that we have to
follow.
◦Medication regulations and nursing practice: we have to follow legal
provisions or we can fined individually or the institution can be fined.
◦Nursing Practice Act- we have an ethical responsibility to treat their pain and
be non-judgemental when listening to them talk about pain.
Pharmacological Concepts - correct answer ✔◦Medication names
◦Classification- anti seizure, anti emetic. Ex: Zofran is used for nausea so it
can listed as an anti emetic. Morphine is considered a narcotic.
◦Medication forms- Solid, Liquid orally. Topical- rubbed onto skin. IV-
Intravenous. Parenteral: put through feeding tube or PEG tube or NG tube.
Caplets- solid dosage form for oral use. Tablets- are compressed powder.
Enteric coating- allows pill to be digested in a different part of the body.
Enteric coated aspirin is designed to not break down in the stomach. Because
it can irritate the gastric lining. Elixsur: usually what kids get, made in a thick,
sweet substance. Aeresol- have gas in it to make it redistribute. Or can be
moisture based. Ointment: semi solid and applied on the skin externally
Muscle rubs. Troche: lozenge that sits in the mouth and is sucked on. Can get
rid of yeast mouth infection. Transdermal: sticky and stick on persons skin for
a certain amount of time. Patches: Nicotine patches every day. Estrogen
releasing package every couple days. Suppositories: designed to break down
when getting into a heated body cavity. Vaginal or rectal. Each medication has
wear time.
Different names of Medication:
◦Trade Name(manufacturer who first developed it): Tylenol
◦Pharm name or chemical name: acetanilide
,◦Actual Generic name: acetaminophen
We write generics and trade names for patients med list.
Pharmacokinetics as the basis of medication actions:
◦Absorption - correct answer ✔◦Route of administration- absorbed through
oral route. Route of administration, IV, PO, Sublingual. the way we put it in the
patient in order for the best effect. Tylenol tablet rectally will not work.
◦Ability of a medication to dissolve
◦Blood flow to the site of administration- the medication might not get to the
area that is needed. Something with a gastric problem, med for heart will not
get dissolved right, so you have to think critically about these things. If they
can't absorb a medicine properly in a oral form, might need to give IV form.
◦Body surface area- depends on what medicine you are giving, transdermal
patch needs to be on that skin, do not put on a hairy area.
◦Pediatric medicine can depend on body surface area alot.
◦Lipid solubility- some of them work well when attached to fat molecules.
Some of our sedatives are lipid based, propofol is mixed in lipid. Will see in
critical care locations.
Pharmacokinetics as the basis of medication actions:
◦Distribution - correct answer ✔Distribution gives us a specific site of action
to where the body needs.
◦Circulation
◦Membrane permeability- some travel through membranes.
◦Protein binding- protein bound
◦Metabolism- metabolism of medications, as you age, the drug is metabolized
differently. They might become toxic to things they didn't used to be to.
Anesthetic gases need to be able to identify if they are going to be toxic from
that. Someone in kidney failure, if you give them an antibiotic it might not
work.
, If they have liver problems, can't give Tylenol. Lengthen the time between the
doses. Pharmacy might monitor drugs in blood and lower or higher doses.
◦Excretion- Are they able to use lungs, liver, kidneys to excrete off certain
medications.
Therapeutic effects: - correct answer ✔We want pain meds to decrease pain.
IF they have a fever, we want their temp to go down.
What is the intended outcome of using this medication.
Adverse effects: Side effects - correct answer ✔predictable and unavoidable
effects, those on antibiotics get diarrhea or yeast infection.
- we expect this adverse effect. You still take it.
Adverse effects; toxic effects - correct answer ✔Accumulation of it in the
blood stream. They could stop breathing with TOO much morphine. Too much
is toxic.
Idiosyncratic reactions- - correct answer ✔◦Gives the opposite effect: you
give something for sleep, then they are wired all night. The medicine was
desired to help them sleep, opposite effect.
Allergic Reactions: - correct answer ✔◦unpredictable responses to medicine.
Allergic reactions can often be considered deadly.
Allergic reaction is NOT "oh it gives me nausea" your throat is closing up!!!
- treated with EPi and steroids
Medication Interactions: seen in a persons chart usually - correct answer
✔◦"Do not give with this, do not take with that" some people can develop a
tolerance to medicine.
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