Exam (elaborations)
AMR TEST 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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AMR TEST 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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Name: Score:132 Multiple choice questions
Term 1 of 132
Efflux pumps
biochemical modification of antibiotics that increases steric hinderance as a result the
antibiotic looses its ability to recognize targets and the MIC increases
Provide intrinsic resistance against antibiotic producing bacteria.
They pump molecules out of cells and can be antibiotic specific or broad.
Require energy
Antibiotic cocktail (present in soil)
Anti-resistance mechanisms
Antibiotic degradation products
Screen for selective compounds
Dynamic selection
Antibiotics as signals
The antimicrobial class is the sole, or one of limited available therapies, to treat serious
bacterial infections in people
Term 2 of 132
Highest priority:
Three out of three Prioritization Criteria (P1, P2, P3)
additional of nucleotides
fragments of peptidoglycans
(addition of amino acid, lysine) of membrane phospholipids
,Term 3 of 132
Critically important:
Antimicrobial classes which meet both C1 and C2 are termed critically important for
human medicine.
an enzyme that facilitates hydrolysis of betalactams rendering them ineffective at killing
bacteria
multiple factors such as type of bacteria, infection site, antibiotic pharmacokinetics, and
the immune response affecting clinical outcomes of antibiotic treatment
Antimicrobial classes used in humans which meet neither C1 nor C2 are termed
important for human medicine.
Term 4 of 132
tetR:
-Presence of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species
-Antimicrobial peptides
-Antibiotics
-Antibacterial agents (i.e. triclosan)
-Membrane damaging biocides
Enterococcus faecium
Staphylococcus aureus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Acinetobacter baumannii
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Enterobacter spp
codes for a repressor protein that binds promoter regions to block own expression and
the expression of tetA
Nope!
They're transmembrane channels, usually beta barrels, that allow molecules to enter the
cell.
,Term 5 of 132
S. aureus resists vancomycin by substituting its alanine to lactate in the termini pentapeptide of
lipid II. what is another way that S. aureus employs to resist vancomycin?
Agriculture
Other people
Environment
Overproduction of peptidoglycan
Pentapeptide modification (vancomycin)
ampicillin
PCN
Cephalosporin
Term 6 of 132
_____ is likely where antibiotic resistance originated.. All antibiotic genes are present here.
all of the above
to increase the membrane positive charge
OleB efflux pumps
the environment
Term 7 of 132
What is the functional consequence of drugs that inhibit the generation of muropeptides?
acriflavine, benzalkonium, and centrimides
an increase in efficiencies of B-lactam antibiotics
aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and cationic drugs
to increase the membrane positive charge
, Term 8 of 132
Phosphorylation:
ampicillin
PCN
Cephalosporin
The antimicrobial class is used to treat infections in people for which there is evidence of
transmission of resistant bacteria (e.g., non-typhoidal Salmonella and Campylobacter
spp.) or resistance genes (high for E. coli and Enterococcus spp.) from nonhuman
sources.
phosphate group addition
The antimicrobial class is the sole, or one of limited available therapies, to treat serious
bacterial infections in people
Term 9 of 132
T/F
staphylococcus aureus is the cause of most common hospital-acquired infections
True
False
Term 10 of 132
T/F
transposons, or "jumping genes," can facilitate the transposition of resistance genes during
vertical gene transfer
True
False
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