CNS Final Exam Palmer Questions & Answers 2024/2025
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CNS
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CNS
CNS Final Exam Palmer Questions & Answers 2024/2025
What is the roof of the midbrain? - ANSWERStectum
What is posterior to the cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius)? - ANSWERStectum
What is composed basically of a quadrigeminal plate made up of four collicular bodies (superior and inferior coll...
CNS Final Exam Palmer Questions &
Answers 2024/2025
What is the roof of the midbrain? - ANSWERStectum
What is posterior to the cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius)? - ANSWERStectum
What is composed basically of a quadrigeminal plate made up of four collicular bodies (superior and
inferior collicular parts)? - ANSWERStectum
What is the cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius)? - ANSWERSchannel for CSF exchange between the 3rd and
4th ventricles
What surrounds the cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius)? - ANSWERSthe periaqueductal gray substance
What important nuclei are found in or near the periaqueductal gray area? - ANSWERSC.N. III and IV
What natural painkillers are present in the periaqueductal gray area? - ANSWERSEndorphins and
Enkephalins
What 3 structures does the cerebral peduncles include? - ANSWERS1. tegmentum (ventral to aqueduct)
2. substantia nigra (toward the middle)
3. crus cerebri (ventral and lateral aspect)
What is the smallest of the cranial nerves? - ANSWERS4th cranial nerves
What is the name of the 4th cranial nerve? - ANSWERStrochlear nerve
,What does the 4th cranial nerve innervate? - ANSWERSthe superior oblique muscle of the extraocular
eye musculature
What are the 4 unique characteristics of the 4th cranial nerve? - ANSWERS1. smallest cranial nerve
2. only one with apparent origin on posterior brain stem
3. fibers cross
4. travels further inside the skull than any other cranial nerve
What is the name of the 3rd cranial nerve? - ANSWERSoculomotor nerves
Where are the 6 nuclei of origin for the 3rd cranial nerves found? - ANSWERSperiaqueductal gray
substance area
What does the 3rd cranial nerve innervate? - ANSWERS4 of the 6 extraocular muscles (Superior Rectus,
Inferior Rectus, Medial Rectus, Inferior Oblique)
What raises the upper eyelids? - ANSWERSlevator palpebrae superioris
Where does the 3rd cranial nerve (oculomotor) carry preganglionic parasympathetic axons from? -
ANSWERSaccessory oculomotor (Edinger-Westphal) nucleus to the ciliaris and sphincter pupillae
(pupillary constriction) muscles of the eye
What do the superior colliculi deal with? - ANSWERSvisual reflexes
What do the inferior colliculi deal with? - ANSWERSauditory reflexes
What tract do both the superior and inferior colliculi use? - ANSWERStectospinal tract
What do both the superior and inferior colliculi allow us to do? - ANSWERSmove our head away from
loud sounds and also objects moving rapidly in our field of vision
, What neurons does the tectospinal tract influence? - ANSWERSneurons in the upper cervical through
cranial nerve XI
What muscles does the tectospinal tract contract? - ANSWERSSCM and trapezius muscles to prevent
head injury
Lesions of the tectum don't impair what movements? - ANSWERSvoluntary eye movments
Lesions of the tectum impair what? - ANSWERSperception of motion of objects in the field of vision
Where do hearing reflexes synapse? - ANSWERSmedial geniculate body
Where do motion reflexes synapse? - ANSWERSlateral geniculate body
What nuclei of origin are located in the tegmentum? - ANSWERSC.N. III and IV
Where is the reticular formation located? - ANSWERStegmentum
Where does the superior part of the red nucleus (Nucleus ruber) extend? - ANSWERSextends into the
diencephalon's subthalamic region
What is the inferior large cell area of the red nucleus? - ANSWERSmagnocellular area
What is the highly vascular superior area of the red nucleus? - ANSWERSparvocellular
What tract fibers originate in the magnocellular area of the midbrain? - ANSWERSrubrospinal
What 2 places do input fibers come to the red nucleus from? - ANSWERS1. central cerebellar nuclei
(except the fastigial)
2. cerebral cortex
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