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Physiology old couple set
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Physiology old couple set Physiology old couple set Physiology old couple set
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Physiology old couple setcell body aka - ANS soma, perikaryon, karyon
define action potential - ANS change in permeability of membrane
Describe what happens when depolarization happens - ANS -influx of sodium (facilitated diffusion)
-ascending phase
-impulse is likely
-Na ++ gates CLOSE
-threshold occurs: -55 & -50 mV
Describe what happens when repolarization is a thing - ANS -efflux of potassium (facilitated
diffusion)
-inside membrane less positive
-membrane potential towards "resting" (K+)
-descending phase
What opens and closes in depolarization? - ANS Na+ closes and K+ opens
membrane reaches resting state at _____ mV - ANS -90 mV
in the depolarization stage, cell membranes are permeable to ____ ions which makes the inside of
the neuron "move towards_________" and the -90mV is immediately ________ - ANS Na+, positive,
neutralized
What are the two parts of the repolarization phase? - ANS 1. occurs 10,000ths of a second - Na+
channels begin to close and potassium (K+) channels open wider
2. Rapid diffusion of K+ to the exterior - Re-establishes normal negative resting membrane potential
(basically K+ drops the membrane potential back don)
,What are the two gates of the voltage-gated sodium channel called and what to they do? - ANS
Activation gate: outside of the channel - at -70mV to -50mV activation gate flips all the ways open,
and the Na+ ions pour IN
Inactivation gate: inside of channel and this gate closes slower... this gate will not reopen until
membrane potential is at or nearly at resting membrane potential level
what is the most common type of synaptic transmission? - ANS Axodendritic (synapses from axon to
dendrite)
What are connexons? - ANS gap junctions: tunnels: to connect the cytosol of two cells
what are common gap junctions? - ANS visceral (single unit), smooth and cardiac muscle, embryo,
and CNS
T/F: chemical synapses are so close together that the membranes touch? - ANS False
due to the synaptic separating membranes, a ___________ is needed for transmission - ANS
neurotransmitters
the synaptic cleft requires NTs and only _______ releases NTs - ANS the end bulbs of PRE-synaptic
neurons
What are our excitatory NTs? - ANS 1. Norepi
2. Glutamate
3. Nitric oxide
What are our inhibitory NTs? - ANS 1. ach
2. dopamine
3. Glycine
4. GABA
5. Seritonin
what is the difference between spatial and temporal summation? - ANS spatial: build up of NTs
released- several presynaptic bulbs
, temporal: NT released - single presynaptic bulb fires 2x or more
What are some of the demyelinating diseases? - ANS MS, Posterolateral sclerosis, ALS
Which of the receptors are the only ones NOT exncaspulated? - ANS Merkel's discs
What does the anterior spinothalmaic tract contain? - ANS -general touch
-pressure
-light touch
T/F: all corpuslces are capsulated? - ANS True
Where is the largest number of nociceptors in the body? - ANS tip pf tongue, lips, gentials, finertips
Where is the fewest number of nociceptors in the body? - ANS upper arm, ass, trunk
Term for pain - ANS algesia
What are the two kinds of mechanoreceptors - ANS 1. End bulbs of Krause
2. Corpuscles of Ruffini
End bulbs of Krause:
- encapsulated or not encapsulated
- what is their purpose? - ANS - encapsulated
-pressure receptor
Corpuscles of Ruffini:
- encapsulated or not encapsulated
- what is their purpose
- how many degrees of perception
- single or multi branched? - ANS - encapsulated
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