Class notes
Class notes ANML SC 511 contin
- Course
- ANML SC 511 contin
- Institution
- Pierce College
Animal Science Principles and Physiology College Notes
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Beef IndustryLu Dao DVM
Industry
• Beef – largest segment of US AG
• ? – leading beef state
• 92.6 million beef cattle in US (Jan. 2011)
• includes 27.1 million steers and heifers
Top five cattle Production States
• Texas – 14.3 million
• Kansas – 6.8 million
• Nebraska – 6.6 million
• California – 4.8 million
• Missouri – 4.3 million
Hybrid vigor
• ?
• Crossbreeding – heterosis
• Weaning wts., disease resistance, mothering ability, milk production
• Terminal crosses
• Three way crosses
?
• Most commonly registered breed in world
• ?
• Rustling ability
– Thrive under adverse conditions on shrubs, leaves, trees, vines
– Cold tolerant
• Great mothering ability
• Little calving difficulty
• ?
Brahman
• ?
• Originated from India
– Sacred cattle of India
• Horns that curve upward and tilted to the rear, dewlap, pendulous ears,
hump, highly developed sweat glands that secrete an oily secretion w/an
odor that repels insects
• Survives insects, disease, and temperature extremes
, • Light gray to red to black
• ?
• Cancer eye is unlikely
• Good mothers
•
Hereford
• England, 1742
• US in 1817
• Polled Hereford
• 2nd most popular breed
• Tough and survives rough ranching conditions
• ?
Charolais
• French
• Came to U.S. thru Mexico
• 878 C.E. earliest record
• 2 million in US
• Polled or horned
• ?
• Bulls used to improve ruggedness in herd
Simmental
• Among the oldest in the world and most spread out
– 40-60 million world wide
• Switzerland
• ?
• Triple purpose breed
– Meat, milk, draft
• Pierce x breeding
Texas Longhorn
• ?
• 10 million in cattle drives during mid-1800’s
• Hardy
• Well adapted to U.S.
– Used to occupy the Great Plains after destruction of bison after Civil
War
• High fertility may be used to boost current herds with low pregnancy
percentages
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