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NUR4445 Preconception To Conception (Chap 4-6) Exam Latest Update
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NUR4445 Preconception ToConception (Chap 4-6) Exam
Latest Update
What is the primary complaint with trichomoniasis? How do we diagnose and treat it?
Patient teaching? - Answer - Primary complaint: many asymptomatic but frothy,
yellow-green vaginal discharge with a strong odor and accompanied genital itching and
or burning.
- Diagnosis: motile organisms with flagella
- Treatment: metronidazole
- KEY teaching: sexually transmitted
What is the primary complaint with chlamydia? How do we diagnose and treat it? Patient
teaching? - Answer - Primary complaint: most asymptomatic but yellow discharge from
vagina or urethra; painful or frequent urination.
- Diagnosis: culture - urine sample
- Treatment: Azithromycin; Doxycycline; Erythromycin base; Erythromycin
ethylsuccinate; levofloxacin; oflaxcin. Partners must also be treated.
- KEY teaching: most common STD reported by CDC, PID and infertility if left untreated
What is the primary complaint of Gonorrhea? How do we diagnose and treat it? Patient
teaching? - Answer - Primary complaint: causes no symptoms or very mild symptoms -
yellow vaginal discharge.
- Diagnosis: culture, similar to chlamydia
- Treatment: has become drug resistant; Azithromycin (2.5% resistant); Cefixime (0.8%);
Ciprofloxacin (19.2%); penicillin (16.2); tetracycline (25.3%)
- KEY teaching: women with gonorrhea may think they have a minor UTI or vaginal
infection. if left untreated can lead to PID or infertility
What is the primary complaint with Herpes Genitalia, HSV? How do we diagnose and
treat it ? Patient teaching? - Answer - Primary complaint: small red sores that can last up
to 2-3 weeks. Swollen lymph glands; muscle aches; headache; fever; difficult urination.
Occurs approximately 5 times a year but may or may not occur.
,- Diagnosis: culture and presence of antibodies in serum.
- Treatment: anti-viral, both acute outbreak and for suppression.
- KEY teaching: there are two types - type 1 and type 2. No cure.
What is the primary complaint for syphilis in the primary, secondary , and latent stages?
- Answer - Primary complaint:
1. Primary stage: first appears as painless chancre. Goes away without treatment in 3 to
6 weeks.
2. Secondary stage: rash appears on soles of feet and palms, flat warts on vulva or
flu-like symptoms.
3. Latent infection: some have a rash and symptoms go away in weeks or months but the
infection is not gone.
How do we diagnose and treat syphilis? Patient teaching? - Answer - Diagnosis: early
and late stages. VDRL or RPR test (blood test)
- Treatment: penicillin
- KEY teaching: genital sores can make it easier to become infected with and transmit.
Can be deadly.
What is the primary complaint with HPV? How do we diagnose and treat it? Patient
teaching? - Answer - Primary complaint: can spread even if you do not see warts. May
not see warts for 6 weeks to 6 months after becoming infected.
- Diagnosis: culture/PAP smear
- Treatment: skin treatment done with TCA. Imiquimod, Podophyllin, Podofilox, TCA
Interferon alfa 2b injections/topical.
- KEY teaching: there is a vaccine for HPV that covers the most common types that
cause cancer.
What is the primary complaint for HIV in early stages, chronic phase/latency, and in
AIDS? - Answer - Early: may have acute illness "worst flu ever": fever, chills, rash, night
sweats, muscle aches, sore throat, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, ulcers in mouth.
Higher levels of virus = more easily transmitted.
- Chronic phase or latency: virus is less active but still present. No symptoms; this can
last up to 10 years or longer.
- AIDS: experience fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever, chills, night sweats.
Wasting syndrome at late stages. Many S/S due to opportunistic infections because of
damaged immunity.
, How is HIV/AIDS diagnosed and treated? Patient teaching? - Answer - Diagnosis:
sexually transmitted
- Treatment: ARV
- KEY teaching: not everyone gets ARS (anti-retroviral syndrome) when infected and this
is the most virulent time period.
What is the primary complaint of hepatitis (8)? What are PC (3)? - Answer - Primary
complaint: some are only carriers and show no symptoms (30%). Jaundice, dark urine,
abdominal pain, enlargement of liver, flu-like symptoms. Sometimes joint pain, rash,
fever.
- Complications: can result in severe liver damage, liver cancer, and death if not treated.
What are complications of Zika (2)? Patient teaching? - Answer - Complications:
increases risk of microcephaly in infants. Increased incidence of Guillain-Barre
syndrome.
- KEY teaching: initially spread by Aedes mosquito and can be transmitted through sex.
What is the primary complaint of PID? How do we treat it? What is a PC? Patient
teaching? - Answer - Primary complaint: vaginal discharge, pain, fever
- Treatment: treat underlying bacterial infection.
- Complications: infertility from scarred/blocked fallopian tubes.
- KEY teaching: caused by untreated gonorrhea/chlamydia. Can be caused by any
bacteria.
What is bacterial vaginosis (BV)? - Answer - overgrowth of bacteria species normally
present in vagina, usually Gardnerella vaginalis
- When lactobacilli are lacking, pH decreases and leads to overgrowth of bacteria.
What are S/S of bacterial vaginosis (3)? How do we treat it? - Answer - asymptomatic in
about 50% of women
- thin, white, malodorous (fishy smelling) discharge
- vaginal and vulvar irritation may also be present.
- Treatment: Metronidazole (flagyl); metronidazole gel; clindamycin crème 2%.
- If there are recurrent symptoms may need treatment for weeks or months
What are potential causes of bacterial vaginosis (4)? - Answer - overgrowth of bacteria
normally present in vagina
- having multiple sex partners or new sex partner (not fully understood).
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