BIOL 2320 Final Review
Describe nasolacrimal duct - correct answer ✔✔aka tear duct. The nasolacrimal duct carries tears from
the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity
Define TMJ syndrome - correct answer ✔✔a problem with the temporomandibular joint
Define condyle - correct answer ✔✔thickening on the end of a bone where that bone forms half of a
joint
Define artery vs. vein - correct answer ✔✔arteries have thick, elastic walls and high pressure, take blood
away from the heart. Veins have thin walls, very low pressure, take blood to the heart
What is dangerous under the pterion? - correct answer ✔✔middle meningeal artery (mma)
Which race has the largest maxilla? - correct answer ✔✔African
Name four types of information that can be learned from fontanelles - correct answer ✔✔-skull is still
growing
-brain is still growing
-pulse
-intercranial pressure
-hydration
What happens to sutures in the elderly? - correct answer ✔✔all of them disappear
Layers of the scalp - correct answer ✔✔Skin
Subcutaneous
Epicranial Aponeurosis
,Loose Connective Tissue
Periosteum
Define hydrocephalus - correct answer ✔✔when arachnoid granulations stop working
Describe myelin - correct answer ✔✔fatty substance that wraps around nerve fibers and serves to
increase the speed of electrical communication between neurons
Describe aneurysm - correct answer ✔✔a weak spot in the wall of an artery
Describe subdural hematoma and identify what type of vessel is bleeding - correct answer ✔✔when a
blood vessel (usually [cerebral] veins) rupture between your brain and dura mater
Define epidural hematoma and identify what type of vessel is bleeding - correct answer ✔✔when a
blood vessel (usually an artery [mma]) ruptures between the outer surface of dura mater and the skull
Describe subarachnoid hemorrhage and what kind of vessel is bleeding - correct answer ✔✔blood
collects in the subarachnoid area; caused by ruptured aneurysm
Describe cerebrospinal fluid - correct answer ✔✔clear, colorless fluid that surrounds and protects the
central nervous system. It bathes the brain and spine in nutrients and eliminates waste products
Concussion - correct answer ✔✔a blow to the head where you lose consciousness, even for just a few
seconds
Contusion - correct answer ✔✔pia is stripped from the injured surface of the brain and may be torn,
allowing blood to enter subarachnoid space; bruising
Describe cortex - correct answer ✔✔where processing information takes place
Postcentral gyrus - correct answer ✔✔controls contralateral touch, pain, and temperature
, Precentral gyrus - correct answer ✔✔controls contralateral voluntary movements
Describe meningitis - correct answer ✔✔inflammation of the meninges; infection of the meninges.
Symptoms: unexplainable stiff neck
Describe Alzheimer's disease - correct answer ✔✔hippocampus is affected at first then it moves to the
frontal lobe. Always fatal
Describe Parkinson's disease - correct answer ✔✔disease of your basal ganglia (starts and stops
movements) Symptoms: shaking (tremors), stiffness
Describe cerebral palsy - correct answer ✔✔born with it, poor neuromuscular development
Describe Huntinton's disease - correct answer ✔✔purely genetic, not diagnosed until 40s, uncontrolled
movements
Describe epilepsy - correct answer ✔✔sezuires
Describe multiple sclerosis - correct answer ✔✔may be caused by virus, mostly common in college aged
women. "Multiple Scarring"; loss of myelin on neurons
Define hemiplegia - correct answer ✔✔"half paralisis"; usually caused by stroke
Define aphasia - correct answer ✔✔brain-based language disorder
Define global aphasia - correct answer ✔✔no language (can't understand or produce language)
Describe hippocampus - correct answer ✔✔two of them (one in each temporal lobe) builds short term
memories
Describe nasolacrimal duct - correct answer ✔✔aka tear duct. The nasolacrimal duct carries tears from
the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity
Define TMJ syndrome - correct answer ✔✔a problem with the temporomandibular joint
Define condyle - correct answer ✔✔thickening on the end of a bone where that bone forms half of a
joint
Define artery vs. vein - correct answer ✔✔arteries have thick, elastic walls and high pressure, take blood
away from the heart. Veins have thin walls, very low pressure, take blood to the heart
What is dangerous under the pterion? - correct answer ✔✔middle meningeal artery (mma)
Which race has the largest maxilla? - correct answer ✔✔African
Name four types of information that can be learned from fontanelles - correct answer ✔✔-skull is still
growing
-brain is still growing
-pulse
-intercranial pressure
-hydration
What happens to sutures in the elderly? - correct answer ✔✔all of them disappear
Layers of the scalp - correct answer ✔✔Skin
Subcutaneous
Epicranial Aponeurosis
,Loose Connective Tissue
Periosteum
Define hydrocephalus - correct answer ✔✔when arachnoid granulations stop working
Describe myelin - correct answer ✔✔fatty substance that wraps around nerve fibers and serves to
increase the speed of electrical communication between neurons
Describe aneurysm - correct answer ✔✔a weak spot in the wall of an artery
Describe subdural hematoma and identify what type of vessel is bleeding - correct answer ✔✔when a
blood vessel (usually [cerebral] veins) rupture between your brain and dura mater
Define epidural hematoma and identify what type of vessel is bleeding - correct answer ✔✔when a
blood vessel (usually an artery [mma]) ruptures between the outer surface of dura mater and the skull
Describe subarachnoid hemorrhage and what kind of vessel is bleeding - correct answer ✔✔blood
collects in the subarachnoid area; caused by ruptured aneurysm
Describe cerebrospinal fluid - correct answer ✔✔clear, colorless fluid that surrounds and protects the
central nervous system. It bathes the brain and spine in nutrients and eliminates waste products
Concussion - correct answer ✔✔a blow to the head where you lose consciousness, even for just a few
seconds
Contusion - correct answer ✔✔pia is stripped from the injured surface of the brain and may be torn,
allowing blood to enter subarachnoid space; bruising
Describe cortex - correct answer ✔✔where processing information takes place
Postcentral gyrus - correct answer ✔✔controls contralateral touch, pain, and temperature
, Precentral gyrus - correct answer ✔✔controls contralateral voluntary movements
Describe meningitis - correct answer ✔✔inflammation of the meninges; infection of the meninges.
Symptoms: unexplainable stiff neck
Describe Alzheimer's disease - correct answer ✔✔hippocampus is affected at first then it moves to the
frontal lobe. Always fatal
Describe Parkinson's disease - correct answer ✔✔disease of your basal ganglia (starts and stops
movements) Symptoms: shaking (tremors), stiffness
Describe cerebral palsy - correct answer ✔✔born with it, poor neuromuscular development
Describe Huntinton's disease - correct answer ✔✔purely genetic, not diagnosed until 40s, uncontrolled
movements
Describe epilepsy - correct answer ✔✔sezuires
Describe multiple sclerosis - correct answer ✔✔may be caused by virus, mostly common in college aged
women. "Multiple Scarring"; loss of myelin on neurons
Define hemiplegia - correct answer ✔✔"half paralisis"; usually caused by stroke
Define aphasia - correct answer ✔✔brain-based language disorder
Define global aphasia - correct answer ✔✔no language (can't understand or produce language)
Describe hippocampus - correct answer ✔✔two of them (one in each temporal lobe) builds short term
memories
