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BIOL 2320 Exam 4 questions well answered to pass
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BIOL 2320 Exam 4 questions well answered to pass
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BIOL 2320 Exam 4Regions of brain development - correct answer ✔✔By the 5th week of embryonic development, the
neural tube has divided into five distinct regions:
1)Telencephalon, which eventually turns into the cerebrum.
2)Diencephalon, which eventually turns into the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus
3) Mesencephalon, which eventually turns into the brainstem between the diencephalon and the pons
4) Metencephalon, which eventually forms the pons and the cerebellum,
5) Myelencephalon, eventually forms the medulla oblongata
Telencephalon - correct answer ✔✔(Greek for "head end"), which eventually forms the cerebrum
Diencephalon - correct answer ✔✔(Greek for "through the brain"), which eventually forms the
thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus. - During the embryonic and fetal periods, the telencephalon
grows rapidly and
surrounds the diencephalon.
Think 'di' as in #2, second region of the brain.
Mesencephalon - correct answer ✔✔(Greek for "midbrain"), which forms a short section of the brain
stem between the diencephalon and the pons.
Metencephalon - correct answer ✔✔(Greek for "after brain"), which eventually forms the pons and
cerebellum.
Myelencephalon - correct answer ✔✔(Greek for "medulla" and "brain"), which eventually forms the
medulla oblongata.
,Gray matter - correct answer ✔✔Houses: (a) Motor neuron and interneuron cell bodies (b) Dendrites (c)
Branching axon terminals (d) Unmyelinated axons
Makes up the superficial layer of the brain
Makes up the deep layer of the spinal cord
Cortex - correct answer ✔✔external sheets of gray matter that cover most of the adult brain
White matter - correct answer ✔✔which derives its color from the myelin in the myelinated axons
Not only contains myelinated axons, but also dendrites and associated neuroglial cells.
Lies deep to the white matter of the brain
Makes up the superficial layer of the spinal cord
Medulla - correct answer ✔✔Brain's inner region of white matter
Shear - correct answer ✔✔Sudden decelerations (i.e. car crashes) can cause the gray and white matter
to ___________ at the interface.
Brain protection - correct answer ✔✔Bony cranium-provides rigid support
Connective tissue membranes "meninges" -surround and partition portions of the brain.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) acts as a cushioning fluid.
Blood-brain barrier prevents the entry of harmful materials from the bloodstream.
meninges - correct answer ✔✔(Greek for "membrane") [singular = meninx] are three connective tissue
layers that separate the soft tissue of the brain from the bones of the cranium, enclose and protect
,blood vessels that supply the brain, and contain and circulate cerebrospinal fluid. In addition, some parts
form some of the veins that drain blood from the brain.
pia mater - correct answer ✔✔(Latin for 'delicate mother") is the innermost of the cranial meninges.
It is composed of delicate connective tissue that is highly vascularized and which tightly adheres to the
brain and follows every contour of the brain surface.
arachnoid mater - correct answer ✔✔Lies immediately internal to the dura mater
this meninx is so named because it is partially composed of a delicate web of collagen
and elastic fibers
subarachnoid space - correct answer ✔✔Immediately deep to the arachnoid.
The spider web-like extensions of the arachnoid extend through this space from the
arachnoid to the underlying pia mater
subdural space - correct answer ✔✔Potential space between the arachnoid and the overlying dura
mater
dura mater - correct answer ✔✔(Latin for "tough mother") is the most external of the meninges and is
composed of tough, dense irregular connective tissue that has two fibrous layers.
It is the strongest of the meninges.
meningeal layer - correct answer ✔✔layer of dura mater that lies deep to the periosteal layer
The meningeal layer is usually fused to the periosteal layer, except in specific areas where the two layers
separate to form large, blood-filled spaces called "dural venous sinuses".
, periosteal layer - correct answer ✔✔more superficial layer of dura mater that forms the periosteum on
the internal surface of the cranial bones
The meningeal layer is usually fused to the periosteal layer, except in specific areas where the two layers
separate to form large, blood-filled spaces called "dural venous sinuses".
Dural venous sinuses - correct answer ✔✔typically triangular in cross section, and unlike most other
veins, they do not have valves to regulate venous flow.
large veins that drain blood from the brain and transport the blood to the internal jugular veins.
potential epidural space - correct answer ✔✔Separates dura mater and the bones of the skull, contains
the arteries and veins that nourish the meninges and bones of the cranium.
Under normal (healthy) conditions, the potential space is not a space at all.
Has the potential to become a real space and fill with fluid or blood as a
result of trauma or disease
Cranial dural septa - correct answer ✔✔meningeal layer of the dura mater extends as flat partitions
(septa) into the cranial cavity at several locations.
Separate specific parts of the brain and provide additional stabilization and support for the entire brain.
Four total: falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli, diphragma sellae
falx cerebri - correct answer ✔✔(Latin for "sickle-shaped" and "brain") is the largest of the four
dural septa.
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