NIFAIPerioperativeI(LatestI2024/I2025I
Update)IQsI&IAs|I100%ICorrect|IGradeIAI
(VerifiedIAnswers)
Q:IListIexamplesIofIcuttingIinstruments.
CuttingIinstrumentsIincludeIscalpels,Iscissors,Idrills,Isaws,Iosteotomes,Irongeurs,Iadenotomes,I
dermatomes,IandIcurettes
Q:IDefineItheItermIrootIcauseIanalysis.
AIrootIcauseIanalysisIisIaIsystematizedIprocessIusedItoIidentifyIvariationsIinIperformanceIthat
IcauseIorIcouldIcauseIuntowardIpatientIevents
Q:IDefineItheItermIextracellularIfluid.
ExtracellularIfluidsI(ECFs)IareIthoseIfluidsIinIcompartmentsIoutsideItheIcellsIofItheIbody,Iincl
udingIplasma,IintravascularIfluids,IfluidsIinItheIgastrointestinalI(GI)Itract,IandIcerebrospinalIfl
uidI(CSF).IECFsIcompriseI30%IofItheIbody'sIfluid.
Q:IDefineItheItermIsentinelIevent.
SentinelIeventsIareIunexpectedIoccurrencesIinvolvingIdeathIorIriskIofIseriousIphysicalIorIpsyc
hologicIinjuryItoIaIpatient.
Q:IDefineItheItermI"neverIevents."
NeverIeventsIareIeventsIresultingIinIunsafeIpatientIoutcomesIthatIareInoIlongerIconsideredIrei
mbursableIunderItheICentersIforIMedicareI&IMedicaidIServicesI(e.g.,Iwrong-siteIsurgery
,Q:IDefineItheItermIosmosis.
OsmosisIisItheImovementIofIaIfluidIthroughIaIsemipermeableImembraneIfromIaIsolutionIthatI
hasIaIlowerIsoluteIconcentrationItoIoneIthatIhasIaIhigherIsoluteIconcentration.
Q:IHowIareIfirst,Isecond,IandIthirdIspacingIdefined?
FirstIspacingIisItheInormalIdistributionIofIfluidIinIextracellularIandIintracellularIcompartments.
ISecondIspacingIrefersItoIexcessIaccumulationIofIinterstitialIfluidI(edema),IwhileIthirdIspacing
IoccursIwhenIfluidIaccumulatesIinIareasIthatInormallyIhaveInoIfluidIorIonlyIaIminimalIamoun
tIofIfluid
Q:IListItheIminimumIinformationIneededIforIaIsurgicalIspecimenIidentification.
InformationIneededIforIaIsurgicalIspecimenIincludes:IcorrectIpatientInameIandIidentificationIn
umber,IspecificIoriginIofItheIspecimen,IandIlateralityI(e.g.,IJaneIDoe,I100001,IrightIbreastIbio
psy)
Q:IWhatIareItheIkeyIelementsIofIinformedIconsent?
DuringIinformedIconsent,ItheIpatientImustIbeIinformedIaboutItheIproposedIoperationIorIotherI
invasiveIprocedureIandIitsIinherentIrisks,Ibenefits,Ialternatives,IandIcomplicationsIinItermsIthat
IheIorIsheIcanIunderstand.
Q:IDefineItheIacronymISBAR.
SBARIstandsIfor:IS=Situation,IB=Background,IA=Assessment,IR=Recommendation.
,Q:IDefineItheItermIactiveItransport.
ActiveItransportIisItheIprocessIbyIwhichImoleculesIareImovedIacrossIaIcellImembraneIagainstI
aIconcentrationIgradient,IwithItheIuseIofIexternalIenergy
Q:IHowIisIaIcountIrecordedIinItheIrecordIwhenIanIitemIisImissingIbutInotIlocatedIonIanIX-
ray?
UnresolvedIcountsIareIdocumentedIasIfollows:IifItheIX-
rayIisInegative,ItheIcountIisIrecordedIasIincorrect,IandItheIX-
rayIresultsIareInotedIonItheIpatient'sIintraoperativeIrecord.IAnIincident/occurrence/eventIreport
IshouldIbeIinitiatedIaccordingItoIinstitutionIpolicy.
Q:IDefineItheItermIdiffusion.
DiffusionIisItheImovementIofImoleculesIfromIanIareaIofIhighIconcentrationItoIoneIofIlowIcon
centration
Q:IWhatIisItheIprocessIthatIisIcharacterizedIbyIperformingIaIpreoperativeIverificationIproces
s,ImarkingItheIoperativeIsite,IandIconductingIaI''time-
out''IimmediatelyIbeforeIstartingItheIprocedure?
TheIUniversalIProtocolIisIcharacterizedIbyIperformingIaIpreoperativeIverificationIprocess,Imar
kingItheIoperativeIsite,IandIconductingIaI''time-out''IimmediatelyIbeforeIstartingItheIprocedure
Q:IWhatIisItheIdifferenceIbetweenIbloodItypingIandIbloodIcrossmatching?
BloodItypingIrefersItoItheItestItoIdetermineItheIABOIandIRhIbloodItype.ICrossmatchingIrefers
ItoItestingItheIcompatibilityIofItheIrecipient'sIserumIandItheIdonor'sIredIbloodIcells
, Q:IWhatIactionsIshouldIyouItakeIinItheIeventIofIanIincorrectIsponge,Isharp,IorIinstrumentIco
unt?
InItheIeventIofIanIincorrectIcount,IyouIshouldInotifyItheIsurgeonIofItheIunresolvedIcount.ISear
chIforItheImissingIitem,IincludingItheIsurgicalIwound,Ifield,Ifloor,Ilinen,IandItrash.IAskIallIper
sonnelItoIdirectItheirIimmediateIattentionItoIlocatingItheImissingIitem.IIfItheIitemIisInotIfound
,IanIX-
rayIfilmImayIbeItakenIandIreadIbyItheIradiologistIorIsurgeonIasIspecifiedIinIinstitutionalIpolic
y
Q:IDefineItheItermIintracellularIfluids.
IntracellularIfluidsI(ICFs)IareIliquidsIwithinIcellImembranesIthatIcontainIdissolvedIsubstancesI
essentialItoIfluidIandIelectrolyteIbalanceIandImetabolism.ITheseIsubstancesIcompriseI70%IofIt
heIbody'sIfluid.
Q:IDescribeItheIverificationIstepsIforItransfusionIofIbloodIorIbloodIproducts.
TheIcirculatingInurseIandIanesthesiaIproviderI(orIaIsecondIlicensedIindividual)IconfirmItheIfol
lowingIduringIbloodIandIbloodIproductIverification:I(1)ITheIunitInumberIonItheIbloodIproduct
IcorrespondsIwithItheIunitInumberIonItheIbloodIrequisition.I(2)ITheIname,IbirthIdate,IandInum
berIonItheIpatient'sIidentificationIbandIagreesIwithItheIname,IbirthIdate,IandInumberIonItheIsli
pIwithItheIbloodIproduct.I(3)ITheIpatient'sInameIonItheIbloodIproductIcorrespondsIwithItheIna
meIonItheIrequisition.I(4)ITheIbloodIgroupIindicatedIonItheIbloodIproductIcorrespondsIwithIth
atIofItheIpatient.I(5)ITheIdateIandItimeIofIexpirationIhaveInotIbeenIreached.I(6)ITheIbloodIpro
ductIbagIisIfreeIofIleaks,Idamage,IorIsignsIofIpossibleIbacterialIcontaminationI(e.g.,IpresenceI
ofIfineIgasIbubbles,Idiscoloration,IclotsIorIexcessiveIairIinItheIbag)
Q:IListIexamplesIofIinitiativesIdevelopedIbyItheIWorldIHealthIOrganizationI(WHO)ItoIprom
oteIpatientIsafety.
