CURRENTLY TESTING SOLUTIONS OF NUR 425 Exam 2 WITH
ACTUAL CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Piaget created a theory of development related to what? - ANSWER-Cognitive abilities varying from age
to age
Erikson created a theory of development related to what? - ANSWER-Psychosocial development
Birth to 12 months. Learns trust as basic needs are met. Mistrust if needs not met or unable to delay
gratification. - ANSWER-Trust vs. Mistrust
12 months to three years. Learns independent behaviors such as feeding and dressing, exercises choices,
exerts self. Shame and doubt if independence is not encouraged. - ANSWER-Autonomy vs. Shame and
Doubt
3-5 years old. Goal direction, competitive, exploratory behavior. Imaginative play. Initiative occurs when
child independently begins inactivity instead of merely responding to or imitating other. Guilt occurs
when caregivers frequently reprimand behaviors reflecting initiative. - ANSWER-Initiative vs. Guilt
6-12 years old. Learns self worth. Gains mastery of psychosocial, physiological, and cognitive skills.
Becomes socially and peer focused. Less family focused. Inferiority can develop when school-age
children are ridiculed by peers, don't measure up to adult standards, or lack certain skills. - ANSWER-
Industry vs. Inferiority
12-17 years old. Develops a sense of who they are intellectually, cognitively, behaviorally, and
emotionally. Emerging physical and sexual maturity is integrated with already existing skills and abilities.
,Gains independence from parents. Peers are very important. A crucial stage in development, as identity
formation affects commitments and decisions made later in life. Role confusion occurs when the
adolescent is unable to acquire a sense of direction, self, or place within the world. - ANSWER-Role
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Birth to 2 years. Develops object permanence. Puts things in mouth, learns motor and vision skills,
emphasis on reflexes and reacting to stimuli. Infants try to make sense of their world through sensory
perceptions and and motor activities such as looking, sucking, rooting, and grasping.
Interested in novelty, repetition; understands causality; solicits help from others
Simple problem solving; imitates
Develops object permanence; anticipates others' actions; differentiates familiar/unfamiliar objects -
ANSWER-Sensorimotor stage
2-7 years. The child develops animism, egocentric thought, mental imagery, increasing language.
Preconceptual thought, artificialism, finalism. Use language to represent thoughts and ideas. - ANSWER-
Preoperational stage
Indicates the the child does not yet understand what a concept involves, that is, that a concept refers to
a certain class of things which have a certain feature in common on the basis of which they can be
grouped together, even if they differ in another respects. In the preoperational stage. - ANSWER-
Preconceptual thought
Refers to the meaning that preschool children attach to "why?" questions. For young children the "why?"
question can have two different meanings. believe that everything, including death, must have a cause
no matter how insignificant, even if it
happens by chance. In the preoperational stage. - ANSWER-Finalism
Refers to the child's belief that all the physical phenomena in the world are produced by people, for the
use of people. - ANSWER-Artificialism
7 to 12 years. Understands relationships, classification, conservations, seriation, and reversibility. Have
difficulty in understanding objects and events the do not have concrete evidence. Logical reasoning
limited. Less egocentric thought. Can see another's point of view. - ANSWER-Concrete operations
,13 years and older. Capable of systematic, abstract thought. Flexibility and adaptability. Make and test
hypotheses. Can solve most contradictions. Think about possibilities. - ANSWER-Formal operations
A nurse is caring for a 2-year-old child who has been hospitalized for 12 hours. Which of the following
situations would most affect the child's behavior?
a. The presence of other children
b. A lack of familiar toys
c. The presence of nurses
d. The separation from parents - ANSWER-D (Between the ages of 6 months and 2.5 years, separation
anxiety is very common. Separation from parents should be avoided when possible, due to the distress it
causes.)
The nurse provides anticipatory guidance to the parents of a 4-year old client. Which teaching points
does the nurse include?
a. Telling lies is normal in this age group.
b. Give Syrup of Ipecac for accidental ingestions.
c. Avoid giving raw carrots and grapes.
d. Nightmares and night terrors are common.
e. Ensure helmet use when riding a tricycle. - ANSWER-A D E (Preschoolers are concrete and magical
thinkers and enjoy pretend play. They often are not able to differentiate fantasy from reality. The parents
need teaching to guide the child through this stage. Syrup of Ipecac is not routinely recommended.
Parents should always call Poison Control before treating the child who has ingested a non-food
substance. Raw carrots and whole grapes are safe for the child over age 3 years. These are choking
hazards for children younger than 3 years of age. Nightmares and night terrors are common in the pre-
school age group. Nightmares are decreased by limiting exposure to frightening images. Night terrors are
self-limiting. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends the use of bicycle helmets when riding a
tricyle, while learning to ride a bicycle, and when riding a bike independently.)
A nurse is performing a developmental assessment on a 15-month-old. Which of the following findings is
of the most concern?
, a. Unable to stand for 2 seconds
b. Unable to run
c. Unable to say 3 words
d. Unable to put on clothing - ANSWER-A
The nurse cares for a client who is four years old at a well child check. What behavior observed by the
nurse would be unexpected for the client who is 4 years old?
a. Hides from health care provider.
b. Needs parent to put on shirt.
c. Speaks to a purple dragon.
d. Throws toy at older sibling. - ANSWER-B (The client who is three years old is able to dress almost
independently. The nurse would further assess whether the client who is 4 years old is able to dress
independently at home.)
Which age group has the greatest potential to demonstrate regression when they are sick?
A. Adolescent
B. Young Adult
C. Toddler
D. Infant - ANSWER-C
Which stage of development is most unstable and challenging regarding development of personal
identity?
A. Adolescence
B. Toddler hood
