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NR 565 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM QUESTION AND ANSWER () – CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE COMPLETE A+ SCORE $12.20
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NR 565 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM QUESTION AND ANSWER () – CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE COMPLETE A+ SCORE
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NR 565 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM QUESTION AND ANSWER () – CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE COMPLETE A+ SCORE During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for adverse drug reactions with potential long term consequences?

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  • September 24, 2024
  • 46
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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NR 565 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
MIDTERM EXAM QUESTION AND ANSWER
(2024-2025) – CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE
COMPLETE A+ SCORE
During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for adverse drug reactions with potential long
term consequences?

1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid growth)




What is BEERS criteria?

Recommendations of medications inappropriate for elderly (65 and older), prescriber ultimately
decides



NR 565 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY 2024-2025 CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING

,What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450)

Liver enzyme system where medications are metabolized, can either be inducers or inhibitors and
create drug-drug interactions




CYP450 inducers

Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser effect (decrease blood levels of
drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes




CYP450 inducers pneumonic

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CYP450 inducer drug names

Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin, phenobarbital,
sulfonylureas




CYP450 inhibitors

Inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications




CYP450 pneumonic

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CYP450 inhibitors drug names




NR 565 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY 2024-2025 CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING

,Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone, chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, grapefruit juice,
quinidine




Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic
properties of drugs?

Increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase durg excretion

Increase hepatic metabolism

Decrease tone and motility of bowel

Increase drug absorption




Examples of medications that can be teratogenic

Antiepileptic drugs, antimicrobials such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large
doses, some anticoagulants, and hormonal medications such as diethylstilbestrol (DES).




How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in neonates?

Slow and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life



Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in infancy?

Delayed gastric emptying




Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric patient?

Glucocorticoids, discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and kernicterus with
sulfonamides, levofloxacin (antibiotics)

Aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose)




NR 565 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY 2024-2025 CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING

, What should be included in medication administration patient education?

Dosage size and timing

Route and technique of administration

Duration of treatment

Drug storage

Nature and time course of desired responses

Nature and time course of adverse responses

Finish taking antibiotic




What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher risk for adverse drug reactions?

Reduced renal function

Polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications daily)

Greater severity of illness

Presence of comorbidities

Use of drugs that have a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin)

Increased individual variation secondary to altered pharmacokinetics

Inadequate supervision of long-term therapy

Poor patient adherence




How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an elderly patient experiencing an adverse drug
reaction?

Obtaining a thorough drug history that includes over-the-counter medications

Considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes due to age

Monitoring the patient's clinical response and plasma drug levels

Using the simplest regimen possible

Monitoring for drug-drug interactions and iatrogenic illness

Periodically reviewing the need for continued drug therapy



NR 565 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY 2024-2025 CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING

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