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HDFS 249 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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HDFS 249 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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HDFS 249 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
IntelligenceX-
XANSWERXTheXglobalXcapacityXofXtheXindividualXtoXactXpurposefully,XtoXthinkXrationallyXandXtoXdealXwithXhis
/herXenvironment
IndicatorsXofXIntelligenceX-XANSWERX1)XMotivation
2)XIntellectualXEffort
3)XReadingXSkill
PsychometricsX-
XANSWERXFieldXofXpsychologyXthatXstudiesXtheXmeasurementXofXhumanXabilitiesXsuchXasXintelligence
GX-XANSWERXGeneralXintellectualXcapacity
IntelligenceXQuotientX(IQ)X-XANSWERXScoreXonXtheXintelligenceXtestXthatXdescribesXgeneralXcapacity
WhatXfourXmainXconceptsXdoXtheoriesXofXintelligenceXtendXtoXemphasize?X(Baltes)X-
XANSWERX1)XMultidimensionalityX
2)XMultidirectionality
3)XPlasticityX
4)XInterindividualXVariability
MultidimensionalityX-XANSWERXManyXabilitiesXunderlieXintelligence
MultidirectionalityX-XANSWERXManyXwaysXindividualsXdevelop/changeXoverXlifespan
PlasticityX-XANSWERXRangeXwithinXwhichXone'XabilitiesXareXmodifiable
InterindividualXVariabilityX-XANSWERXPeopleXdifferXfromXeachXother
,BaltesXDualXModelXofXIntellectualXFunctioningX-XANSWERXCognitiveXPragmaticsXvs.XCognitiveXMechanics
CognitiveXMechanicsX-XANSWERX-
InvolvesXtheXneurophysiologicalXarchitectureXofXtheXmind,XincludingXbasicXinformationXprocessingXcompon
ents,XproblemXsolving,XspatialXorganization,XandXperceptualXspeedX(brainXchanges)
-DecreasesXoverXlifeXspan
CognitiveXPragmaticsX-XANSWERX-
IncludesXeverydayXcognitiveXperformanceXandXadaptation,XsuchXasXverbalXknowledge,Xwisdom,XandXpracti
ceXproblemXsolvingX
-RemainsXconstantXoverXlifespan
WhatXareXtheXtwoXmainXapproachesXtoXstudyingXintelligence?X-XANSWERX1)XPsychometricXapproach
2)XCognitive-StructuralXApproach
PsychometricXApproachX-
XANSWERXFocusesXonXstandardizedXtestsXperformanceXwithXanXemphasisXonXcorrectXanswersX(ex:XGRE,XSAT
,XIQXtests)
Cognitive-StructuralXApproachX-
XANSWERXEmphasizesXtheXwaysXinXwhichXpeopleXconceptualizeXandXsolveXproblemsXratherXthanXscoreXonXt
ests
CrystalizedXIntelligenceX-XANSWERX-
HeavilyXdependentXonXeducationXandXexperience;XsetXofXskillsXandXpiecesXofXknowledge
-Ex:XJeopardy,XhistoricalXfacts
-DoesXNOTXnormallyXdeclineXwithXageXuntilXveryXlateXinXlife
FluidXIntelligenceX-XANSWERX-BasicXsetXofXabilitiesXheavilyXunderXtheXinfluenceXofXbiologicalXprocesses
-Ex:XsolvingXmazes,Xpuzzles,XandXknowingXwhichXletterXcomesXnextXinXaXseries
-TendsXtoXshowXnormative,Xage-relatedXdecline
, WhatXareXprimaryXmentalXabilities?X-
XANSWERX1)XNumericalXFacility:XbasicXskillsXunderlyingXmathematicalXreasoning
2)XWordXfluency:XproduceXverbalXdescriptionsXofXthings
3)XVerbalXmeaning:XvocabularyXabilityX
4)XInductiveXReasoning:XextrapolateXfromXparticularXfactsX-->XgeneralXconcepts
5)XSpatialXorientation:XreasonXinXtheX#DXworldXinXwhichXweXlive
6)XPerceptualXspeed:XrapidlyXandXaccuratelyXfindXvisualXdetailsXandXmakeXcomparisons
SeattleXLongitudinalXStudyX(Schaie)X-XANSWERX-Age-relatedXchangesXinXintelligenceX
-IncreaseXinXprimaryXmentalXabilitiesXuntilXlateX30s/earlyX40s
-StabilizeXuntilXmid-50s/earlyX60s
-DeclinesXonXallXprimaryXmentalXabilitiesXinXlateX60sX(declinesXtendXtoXbeXsmallXuntilXtheXmidX70s
-WithinXindividualXdifferences,XitXshowsXthatXveryXfewXdeclineXequallyXinXallXprimaryXmentalXabilities
ModeratorsXofXintellectualXchangeX-
XANSWERX1.XGenerationalXDifferences:XlikelyXdueXtoXchangesXinXamountXofXeducationXandXmayXchangeXfro
mXgenerationXtoXgenerationX
a.XFlynnXeffectX-XlookXatXeveryoneXthatXtookXitXandXcomeXupXwithXnewXcut-
offsXtoXfigureXoutXwhatXpercentageXyouXshouldXbeX
b.XEachXgeneration'sXeducationXisXconsideredXaXhigherXlevelX^^
2.XInformationXProcessing:XperceptualXspeed,XworkingXmemory,XandXabilityXtoXinhibitXtendXtoXshowXdeclin
eXduringXlaterXadulthoodXandXaccountXforXchangesXinXbothXfluidXandXcrystalizedXintelligenceX
3.XSocialXandXLifestyleXVariables:XOccupationsXthatXrequireXcomplexXthoughtXandXindependentXjudgmentXr
aiseXtheXlevelXofXpeople'sXintellectualXjudgmentXraiseXtheXlevelXofXpeople'sXintellectualXfunctioning;XthisXisX
especiallyXtrueXforXolderXworkers
a.XHigherXeducationXandXSES
b.XExposureXtoXstimulatingXenvironments
c.XUtilizationXofXculturalXandXeducationalXresources
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