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NURS 682 EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION 100% PASS
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NURS 682 EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION 100% PASSRead the "Women's Health Highlights" article and list 5 current health issues that are
impacting the health of women.
1. Cardiovascular disease
2. Stroke
3. Cancer
4. Diabetes
5. Mental Health
6. Violence
7. Healthcare cost
Breast Cancer Screening:
Average Risk Women
-- Most organizations support CBE q 1-3 years for women over 20 and annually over 40
and an individualized approach after 75.
-- 40-49 at average risk: offer annual MMG
-- 50-75: annual MMG
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Breast Screening in High risk:
BRCA1, BRCA2, ect.
CBE: 6-12 months
MMG: start at 25 OR 5-10 years before youngest cancer diagnosis of family member.
MRI: yearly with MMG
Evaluation of Breast Pain:
Mastalgia or Mastodynia
Cyclic pain is ushually bilateral in UOQs 1 week prior to menses.
R/o Mastitis if breastfeeding
Areas with focal lesions/trauma, evaluate with US. However, if high-risk, evaluate with
MMG.
Nipple Discharge:
Can be associated with malignancy. The most concerning is spontaneous, bloody
(serosanguinous), unilateral, persistent, from a single duct, and associated with a mass.
Bilateral, non blood, multiductal secretions are usually benign regardless of color.
Evaluation of Breast Mass:
Malignant masses are usually: single, firm, nontender, and immobile with irregular
boarders.
,ALL masses should be evaluated radiographically.
- <30 with US and "fine-needle aspiration"
- >30 with MMG and "core-needle aspiration"
Benign Breast Disease:
High incidence in young women, but 2/3 are benign.
1/2 of palpable masses in perimenopausal women are malignant.
Majority of lesions in postmenopausal women are malignant.
Fibrocystic Breast Changes:
Pathophysiology:
exaggerated stromal response to hormones/growth factors.
presents as painful, multiple, and bilateral breast masses.
NO INCREASED RISK OF CANCER
Diagnosis:
depends on age: US, MMG, biopsy for lesions that do not fluctuate.
Treatment:
Decrease caffeine, tea, chocolate
Support bra, warm/cold compress
NSAIDs
Decrease MHT or OCP dose
Tanner Stages of Breast Development:
Stage 1: Preadolescent: elevation of papilla only.
, Stage 2: Breast bud: elevation of breast and papilla, areolar enlargement.
Stage 3: Further enlargement of stage 2 but without separation of contours.
Stage 4: Projection of areola and papilla form a mound.
Stage 5: Mature stage: projection of papilla only as areola recesses to breast.
Hormones in Breast Development:
Estrogen: promotes ductal development and fat deposition.
Progesterone: promotes lobular-alveolar development for lactation.
Prolactin: Milk production
Oxytocin: Milk letdown
**Postmenopausal women: hypoestrogenic state --> tissue atrophy
List the current recommendations for cervical cancer screening (including
recommendations for HPV testing).
Pts under 21 years old?
-- No cervical cancer screening is recommended, unless immunocompromised (HIV).
-- Just counseled and screening for STI and contraception.
List the current recommendations for cervical cancer screening (including
recommendations for HPV testing).
21-29 years old?
PAP every 2-3 years with cytology alone (PAP).
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