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NURA 2500 CARDIO Exam with complete solutions 2024_2025
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NURA 2500 CARDIO Exam with complete solutions 2024_2025
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NURA 2500 CARDIO Exam with completesolutions 2024/2025
What is a muscular organ that is located in the mediastinum between the lungs? -
ANSWER-the heart
How much does the heart pump with each beat? - ANSWER-60mL
What is the heart protected by? - ANSWER-pericardium
The heart has two halves: right and left that are separated by what? - ANSWER-
the septum
How does blood flow through the heart? - ANSWER-1. Vena cava: superior and
inferior
2. Right atrium (pacemaker)
3. Tricuspid Valve
4. Right ventricle
5. Pulmonic Valves
6. Pulmonary arteries: left and right
7. Pulmonary Veins: left and right
8. Left atrium
9. Mitral valve
10. Left ventricle
11. Aortic valve
12. Aorta
The right atrium receives _______________ blood from the superior and inferior
vena cava. - ANSWER-deoxygenated
The right atrium is known as the _________ of the heart. - ANSWER-pacemaker
,The right atrium initiates what? - ANSWER-it initiates all heartbeats and
determines heart rate.
The right ventricle generates enough pressure to close the ___________. -
ANSWER-tricuspid valve
The right ventricle opens the... - ANSWER-pulmonic valve
The right ventricle then propels blood into the ______________ then the lungs. -
ANSWER-Pulmonary artery
The left atrium receives _____________ blood from the lungs via the pulmonary
veins. - ANSWER-oxygenated
The left atrium flows to the? - ANSWER-left ventricle
The left ventricle generates enough blood to close the? - ANSWER-Mitral valve
The left ventricle then propels blood into the __________ and out into circulation.
- ANSWER-aorta
How do you listen to the heart? - ANSWER-APETM
This is known as the "lub" sound and is the beginning of systolic blood
pressure? - ANSWER-S1
Where can you hear S1 the loudest at? - ANSWER-over the apex of the heart
which is located at the midclavicular line of the 5th intercostal space. (the M in
"APETM".
If S1 is louder than S2 than this may indicate what type of problem? - ANSWER--
hypotyroidism
-anemia
If S1 is dull this can indicate what - ANSWER-it can indicate there is a heart block.
This is known as the "dub" sound and is the beginning of diastolic blood
pressure? - ANSWER-S2
The lub sound is the closing of the? - ANSWER-mitral and tricuspid valves
, The dub sound is the closing of the? - ANSWER-aortic and pulmonic valves
Where can you hear S2 the loudest? - ANSWER-over the left second intercostal
space (the "P" in "APTEM").
When there is a pause between S1 and S2 this means.. - ANSWER-the ventricles
are filling with blood.
____________ is an abnormal heart sound from resistance of PASSIVE filling
during EARLY diastole. - ANSWER-S3
____________ is and abnormal heart sound from resistance of ACTIVE filling
during LATE diastole. - ANSWER-S4
Hearing S4 can indicate what? - ANSWER-diastolic heart failure
What sounds like a swishing or swooning noise? - ANSWER-murmurs
What does a murmur indicate? - ANSWER-It indicates that the valves are not
closing all the way or there is a hole in the heart (more common in Peds)
______________ is assessed by having the patient in the tripod position,
breathing out and holding their breath. - ANSWER-Aortic Murmur
_______________ is assessed in the left lateral lying portion and is best heard
after the patient has performed some exercise. - ANSWER-Mitral Murmur
__________________ is when the valve does not open appropriately. The blood is
pushing very hard to get out and becomes turbulent. - ANSWER-Stenosis
________________ is when the valve does not close appropriately. The blood gets
sent back through where it should not be. - ANSWER-Regurgitation
_________________ is the force exerted again vessel walls. - ANSWER-Blood
Pressure
Blood pressure is higher in __________ blood vessels and decreases as the
blood reaches the ________________. - ANSWER-1. larger
2. capillaries
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