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NURS 317 Final Exam With Correct Answers.
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NURS 317 Final Exam With Correct Answers.
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NURS 317 Final Exam With CorrectAnswers.
What leads to high glucose levels? - ANSWER- stress and infection
How much insulin do humans produce in their bodies per day? - ANSWER- 40-50 units
Do not use a ______________ as a r/t in nursing diagnoses. - ANSWER- medical
diagnosis (ie: pneumonia, CAD, COPD)
Normal Na+ lab value - ANSWER- 135-145 mEq/L
Normal K+ lab value - ANSWER- 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Normal WBC count - ANSWER- 4,500-11,000/mm3
Normal RBC count - ANSWER- 4.2-6.2 million/mm3
Normal glucose levels - ANSWER- 70-110 mg/dL
Normal HDL levels - ANSWER- 40-60 mg/dL
Normal LDL levels - ANSWER- <100 mg/dL
Normal cholesterol levels - ANSWER- <200 mg/dL
Normal triglyceride levels - ANSWER- <150 mg/dL
Normal BUN levels - ANSWER- 7-18 mg/dL
Normal creatinine levels - ANSWER- 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
A normal individual confined to bed loss loses muscle strength at a rate of ________
per day. - ANSWER- 3%
Physiological effects of impaired mobility: metabolism - ANSWER- Metabolic: dec.
response to energy requirements --> dec. BMR --> less efficient metabolism of CHOs,
fats, proteins
Negative nitrogen balance: dec. calorie and protein intake --> dec. essential amino
acids --> weight loss --> dec. muscle mass and tissue catabolism --> protein loss -->
muscle loss
, Calcium resorption from bones: hypercalcemia --> inefficient renal excretion --> renal
calculi
Physiological effects of impaired mobility: respiratory - ANSWER- Atelectasis -->
collapse of alveoli
Hypostatic pneumonia --> inflammation of lung from pooling of secretions
Dependent airways!!
Orthostatic hypotension - ANSWER- a decrease in systolic blood pressure of 15 mm Hg
or a decrease in diastolic blood pressure of 10 mm Hg within three minutes of standing
when compared with blood pressure from the sitting or supine position
Physiological effects of impaired mobility: cardiovascular - ANSWER- dec. blood
volume, inc. in venous pooling, & dec. in autonomic response --> dec. venous return -->
dec. CO --> dec. BP --> inc. workload --> inc. O2 demand
Physiological effects of impaired mobility: MSK - ANSWER- Protein breakdown --> loss
of lean body mass
Joint contracture (fixation of a joint)
Disuse osteoporosis --> bone resorption --> pathological fractures
One week's bedrest reduces: - ANSWER- -strength by up to 20%
-spine bone mineral by 1%
Nursing interventions for immobility - ANSWER- -reevaluate activity orders daily
-mobilize even difficult patients
-if pt refuses, document!
-HOB up
-adequate hydration > 2 L/day
-chest physiotherapy
-incentive spirometry
-turn, cough, deep breath
-reduce orthostatic hypotension through isometric exercises and gradual progression
from bed to chair
-prevent thrombus formation (elastic stocking, medications, sequential compression
devices)
-diet rich in carbs, proteins, vit. B (for energy metabolism), & vit. C (skin integrity and
wound healing)
-skin integrity (turn every 1-2 hr)
-assess for bladder emptying and frequency and BM
-allow the pt to be INDEPENDENT if possible!
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