organic - ANSWER a molecule that contains carbon hydrogen bonds
Four groups of organic molecules - ANSWER Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids
1.A. What are the major elements of life? - ANSWER Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus,
sulfur, and nitrogen.
1.B. What properties of carbon explain carbon's ability to different large and complex
structures? - ANSWER Carbon can bond to itself, has 4 valence electrons, causing strong
covalent bonds to occur between carbon and another element.
2.A. Name four groups of organic compounds found in living things. - ANSWER
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
2.B. Describe at least one function of each group of organic compound. - ANSWER
Carbohydrates: main source of energy for plants and animals; proteins: regulation of cellular
transportation of materials, cellular processes, formation of structures, and anti-bodies; lipids:
storage of energy; storage or transmission of genetic information.
2.C. Why are proteins considered polymers but lipids not? - ANSWER Proteins have long
chains of monomers, but lipids do NOT made up of components that make up a chain.
3.A. What atoms constitute the compound above? - ANSWER Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
atoms.
3.B. What class of macromolecule does the compound belong to? - ANSWER Carbohydrates
dehydration synthesis - ANSWER forms polymers and a water molecule
hydrolysis - ANSWER Divides a polymer into monomers through the addition of water
Where do macromolecules get energy? - ANSWER macromolecules get energy from bonds
, polymer - ANSWER result of many monomers linking together (protein or peptide and amino
acids or polypeptide)
What makes up proteins? - ANSWER polymers made of amino acids (50-500 chains long)
amino acid is also known as a...? - ANSWER peptide or protein
What are nucleic acids made up of? - ANSWER hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon,
phosphorus
monomer - ANSWER single molecule; small chemical unit that makes up a polymer
2 monosaccharides - ANSWER disaccharide
Key ideas - ANSWER -All macromolecules are formed through dehydration synthesis
-all covalent bonds
-water breaks bonds and gives off energy through hydrolysis
hydrolysis - ANSWER Requires water and releases energy
Taking molecules apart
Which is the only macromolecule that isn't a polymer - ANSWER lipid
What does "acid" indicate? - ANSWER hydrogen ion is present
Elements present in carbohydrates - ANSWER Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Elements present in proteins - ANSWER Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Elements present in lipids - ANSWER Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Elements present in nucleic acids - ANSWER Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Other name for Carbohydrate - ANSWER saccharides
, monosaccharide diagram of glucose - ANSWER
disaccharide diagram of sucrose - ANSWER
polysaccharide diagram of amylose - ANSWER
amino acid structure - ANSWER
diagram of saturated - ANSWER
diagram of unsaturated - ANSWER
diagram of nucleotide - ANSWER
Dipeptides - ANSWER two amino acids joined together by a peptide bond
Nitrogen bases in DNA - ANSWER Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine
What are the four Macromolecules? - ANSWER Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic
Acids
The Monomer of Carbohydrates - ANSWER Monosaccharides (Galactose, Glucose or Fructose)
The Monomer of Proteins - ANSWER Amino Acids
The Monomer of Nucleic Acids - ANSWER Nucleotides
The Monomer of Lipids - ANSWER Glycerol and Fatty Acid Chains (2-3)
The Function of Carbohydrates - ANSWER Short-term or immediate Energy Source
The Function of Lipids - ANSWER Long-term Energy Source
The Function of Nucleic Acids - ANSWER Store and Transmit your Genetic Information
The Function of Proteins - ANSWER 1. Controls the Rates of Reactions
2. Fights Diseases
3. Forms Cell Structures
4. Regulates Cell Processes
5. Transports stuff In/Out of the Cell
Examples of Carbohydrates - ANSWER Monosaccharides - Glucose, Fructose
Disaccharides
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