NURS8024 - Module 1 Questions and Answers 100%
Solved
Describe factors influencing GI absorption of drugs. Correct Ans-blood flow (> in intestines
vs stomach = more intestinal absorption)
pH - some drugs like acid, some like base
intestinal surface area (microvilli)
contact time with absorptive surfaces (rapid vs slow GI transit, delayed absorption with food,
PNS and SNS input)
Describe bioavailability as it relates to drugs. Correct Ans-only a fraction of chemically
unchanged drug reaches the systemic circulation
influenced by: first pass metabolism, solubility, chemical instability, and the nature of the
drug
Describe the first pass effect. Correct Ans-drugs absorbed across the GI tract enter the
portal circulation
if the drug undergoes rapid metabolism by the liver, there is a decreased amount of active
(unchanged) drug that will enter the systemic circulation
, NURS8024 - Module 1 Questions and Answers 100%
Solved
Describe solubility as it relates to bioavailability. Correct Ans-hydrophilic drugs are poorly
absorbed (cannot cross lipid cell membrane)
hydrophobic drugs (lipophilic) can be easily transported
must have some solubility in aqueous solutions though, so cannot be extremely hydrophobic
Describe therapeutic equivalence. Correct Ans-similar drugs may be deemed
therapeutically equivalent if they have comparable efficacy and safety
clinical effectiveness depends on serum drug concentrations and peak times
bioequivalent drugs are not always therapeutically equivalent
Drug distribution and delivery is dependent on ... (5) Correct Ans-- blood flow (> in organs)
- capillary permeability (slit junctions & BBB)
- plasma protein binding (reversible and non-selective)
- drug structure
- hydrophobicity
Describe volume of distribution (Vd). Correct Ans-the hypothetical volume of fluid that a
drug is dispersed into
, NURS8024 - Module 1 Questions and Answers 100%
Solved
relates the amount of drug in the body to the concentration of drug in blood or plasma
Describe drug half-life as it relates to Vd. Correct Ans-large Vd impacts half-life
drug elim is dependent on the amount of drug delivered to excretory organs
large Vd means the drug is more spread out in the body and less is being delivered for
excretion
factors that increase Vd increase the half-life and extend the duration of action
Describe the competition for plasma protein binding in regards to class I and class II agents.
Correct Ans-most drugs (class I) have a low dose/capacity ratio
this means there are more binding sites than there are drugs (the drug is mostly bound)
the minority of drugs (class II) have a high dose/capacity ratio, and much of the drug remains
in free form
displacement of class I drugs can occur when class II drugs are given simultaneously
Solved
Describe factors influencing GI absorption of drugs. Correct Ans-blood flow (> in intestines
vs stomach = more intestinal absorption)
pH - some drugs like acid, some like base
intestinal surface area (microvilli)
contact time with absorptive surfaces (rapid vs slow GI transit, delayed absorption with food,
PNS and SNS input)
Describe bioavailability as it relates to drugs. Correct Ans-only a fraction of chemically
unchanged drug reaches the systemic circulation
influenced by: first pass metabolism, solubility, chemical instability, and the nature of the
drug
Describe the first pass effect. Correct Ans-drugs absorbed across the GI tract enter the
portal circulation
if the drug undergoes rapid metabolism by the liver, there is a decreased amount of active
(unchanged) drug that will enter the systemic circulation
, NURS8024 - Module 1 Questions and Answers 100%
Solved
Describe solubility as it relates to bioavailability. Correct Ans-hydrophilic drugs are poorly
absorbed (cannot cross lipid cell membrane)
hydrophobic drugs (lipophilic) can be easily transported
must have some solubility in aqueous solutions though, so cannot be extremely hydrophobic
Describe therapeutic equivalence. Correct Ans-similar drugs may be deemed
therapeutically equivalent if they have comparable efficacy and safety
clinical effectiveness depends on serum drug concentrations and peak times
bioequivalent drugs are not always therapeutically equivalent
Drug distribution and delivery is dependent on ... (5) Correct Ans-- blood flow (> in organs)
- capillary permeability (slit junctions & BBB)
- plasma protein binding (reversible and non-selective)
- drug structure
- hydrophobicity
Describe volume of distribution (Vd). Correct Ans-the hypothetical volume of fluid that a
drug is dispersed into
, NURS8024 - Module 1 Questions and Answers 100%
Solved
relates the amount of drug in the body to the concentration of drug in blood or plasma
Describe drug half-life as it relates to Vd. Correct Ans-large Vd impacts half-life
drug elim is dependent on the amount of drug delivered to excretory organs
large Vd means the drug is more spread out in the body and less is being delivered for
excretion
factors that increase Vd increase the half-life and extend the duration of action
Describe the competition for plasma protein binding in regards to class I and class II agents.
Correct Ans-most drugs (class I) have a low dose/capacity ratio
this means there are more binding sites than there are drugs (the drug is mostly bound)
the minority of drugs (class II) have a high dose/capacity ratio, and much of the drug remains
in free form
displacement of class I drugs can occur when class II drugs are given simultaneously
