DOTS (secondary assessment) - ANSWER Deformities
Open injuries or wounds
Tenderness
Swelling
SAMPLE (secondary assessment) - ANSWER Symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Past medical history (pertinent)
Last oral intake
Events (leading up to)
INDIAN (used for spinals) - ANSWER Intoxication
Neck Pain
Distracting Injuries
Altered Mental Status
Numbness/weakness
FAST - ANSWER Face drop
Arm drift
Speech difficulty
Time to activate EMS
, Primary Assessment - ANSWER 1: Check to make sure scene is safe (5 seconds or
less)
2: "Are you okay?"
3:Assess victim (breathing and pulse)
4:Activate EAP
5: Begin emergency care
Implied consent - ANSWER Victim is unresponsive and cannot be asked for consent
to help, it's implied
Consent - ANSWER Must ask to help victim before beginning emergency care if
responsive, implied consent if parent or guardian isn't around
RWI - ANSWER Recreational Water Illness
Person in distress - ANSWER Head bobbing, mouth and nose above water
Person drowning - ANSWER Airway compromised, head below water and cannot
be lifted or brought to the surface, swallows large amounts of water
10 seconds after submersion - ANSWER Distress begins
20 seconds after submersion - ANSWER Drowning begins
1 minute after submersion - ANSWER Person becomes unresponsive
3 minutes after submersion - ANSWER Heart stops beating
How does water hide victims? - ANSWER • Sun or window reflects off water
• Water movement and ripples
4 minutes after submersion - ANSWER Brain damage begins, survival with
impairment likely
6 minutes after submersion - ANSWER Organs shut down, death likely
Zone - ANSWER Area for which you are responsible for scanning
10/20 rule - ANSWER Scan from point A to B to A in your zone in 10 seconds and
get to the farthest part of your zone in 20 seconds
How do you project a professional image? - ANSWER • Wear your uniform (whistle,
guard tube, fanny pack, assigned clothes, etc.)
• Look alert
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