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CCFP Verified Answers 1) Hypotension 2) Distended Jugular Veins 3) Muffled Heart Sounds Cardiac Tamponade ️What is Beck's Triad? What condition is it seen with? 1) Obtain/Maintain an airway 2) Optimize oxygenation and/or ventilation 3) Failure to protect the airway 4) Predic...

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  • September 25, 2024
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CCFP Verified Answers
1) Hypotension

2) Distended Jugular Veins

3) Muffled Heart Sounds



Cardiac Tamponade ✔️What is Beck's Triad? What condition is it seen with?



1) Obtain/Maintain an airway

2) Optimize oxygenation and/or ventilation

3) Failure to protect the airway

4) Predicted clinical course ✔️What are the four indications for endotracheal intubation in order of
urgency?



5-7 mg/kg ✔️What is the toxic dose of lidocaine with epinephrine?



Remember the POUND mnemonic:



Pulsatile

Onset (4-72 hours)

Unilateral

Nausea or vomiting

Disabling intensity



In the primary care setting 4 out of 5 of the above symptoms is associated with a 92% probability of
migraine, 62% with 3 out of 5 and 18% with 2/5



Other symptoms include exacerbation with physical activity, photosensitivity, and sensitivity to noise or
smell

,First Aid for the Family Medicine Boards 2 e. ✔️What are common symptoms associated with migraine
without aura?



An aura is a reversible symptom indicative of focal cerebral dysfunction. Examples include gradual onset
and spread of scotomas, scintillations, and/or hemianopic visual field defects; unilateral parenthesias or
numbness; unilateral weakness; and speech disturbances



First Aid for the Family Medicine Boards 2 e. ✔️What is an aura in the setting of migraine? What are
some examples of aura in "classic migraine"?



Other forms of headache (tension, cluster)

Intracranial mass

Temporal Arteritis

Sinusitis

Subarachnoid Hemmorrhage

Pseudotumour Cerebri (Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension)

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)



First Aid for the Family Medicine Boards 2 e. ✔️What is the differential diagnosis of migraine?



Acute:

NSAIDs

Acetaminophen

Triptans

Ergotamines

Narcotics

Anti-emetics



Prophylaxis:

Beta-blockers

,Calcium Channel Blockers

Tricyclic Antidepressants

Anticonvulsants

Methysergide



First Aid for the Family Medicine Boards 2 e. ✔️What classes of medications can be used for the acute
and prophylactic management of migraine?



Tension Headache



First Aid for the Family Medicine Boards 2 e. ✔️What is the most common type of headache?



Bandlike distribution of pain in the frontal and occipital regions

Exacerbated by stress, fatigue, glare or noise

Contraction of the scalp and posterior neck muscles

Normal neurological exam



First Aid for the Family Medicine Boards 2 e. ✔️What are the typical symptoms of a tension headache?



Acute:

Aspirin

NSAIDs

Ergotamines



Prophylaxis:

Tricyclic Antidepressants

SSRIs

Beta Blockers

Relaxation Techniques

, First Aid for the Family Medicine Boards 2 e. ✔️What is the acute and prophylactic treatment of
tension headaches?



Recurrent, unilateral, excruciating peri-orbital headache

Lasts 15 minutes to 3 hours

Headaches are non-pulsatile, constant and frequently occur at night

Associated Horner syndrome

Ipsilateral conjunctival injection

Lacrimation

Nasal congestion

Clusters typically take place in groups over days to weeks (occur at the same time of day in the same
location)

Normal neurological exam



First Aid for the Family Medicine Boards 2 e. ✔️What are the symptoms of cluster headache?



Migraine

Glaucoma

Sinusitis

Uveitis

Trigeminal Neuralgia



First Aid for the Family Medicine Boards 2 e. ✔️What is the differential for cluster headaches?



Acute:

100% O2

Triptans

Ergotamine

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