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APUSH Review Exam with complete solutions 2024_2025
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APUSH Review Exam with complete solutions 2024_2025
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APUSH Review Exam with completesolutions 2024/2025
Great Columbian / Biological Exchange - ANSWER-Exchange of plants and
animals between the New World and Europe following the discovery of America
in 1492.
Christopher Columbus - ANSWER-Italian explorer, sailed from Spain in 1492 and
reached Americas, greatly increased European awareness of the North American
Continent
Bartolomeo de las Casas - ANSWER-16th Century Spanish Historian, Dominican
Friar, "Protector of the Indians;" opposed atrocities by colonizers on Indigenous
people
Spanish empire - ANSWER-Empire control in Mexico, South America, and Florida,
religious empire; Franciscans + mission system, defensive buffers vs. English,
French, and Russians. Economic empire.
French empire - ANSWER-Empire control in Canada, Ohio, and Mississippi River
Valley with Louisiana. Religious: Jesuits. Positive indigenous relations. Fur trade.
Coureurs du bois.
English/British Empire - ANSWER-Exhibited control in the form of dominions,
colonies, mandates, and territories. Queen Elizabeth I was a prominent ruler
during the colonial period of this empire. French Rivalry + engaged in Columbian
Exchange.
,Jamestown - ANSWER-First permanent English settlement; located in Virginia.
Founded by London Company
Mayflower Compact - ANSWER-Pilgrims/Separatists agreement: agreement to
obey laws created by the community and a profession of allegiance to the king
Chesapeake colonies - ANSWER-Term for the colonies of Maryland and Virginia
Virginia colony - ANSWER-This colony was founded in 1607. First settlement was
Jamestown. Charter to stock company/royal. Tobacco was vital to its survival.
1619 - ANSWER-The year when the first U.S representative assembly was
established - House of Burgesses (Jamestown, Virginia)
Bacon's rebellion - ANSWER-Colonial uprising that took place in 1676 in the
Virginia colony, led by Nathaniel Bacon. Virginians resented William Berkeley's
friendly policy towards Native Americans. This was the first rebellion in American
colonies in which discontented frontiersmen took part.
Maryland colony - ANSWER-Founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore, founded to be a
place for persecuted Catholics to find refuge, a safe haven, act of toleration
Toleration Act - ANSWER-Guaranteed religious toleration to trinitarian Christians,
but decreed the death penalty to Jews and atheists and others who didn't believe
in the divinity of Jesus Christ,
New England colonies - ANSWER-The term for the colonies of Massachusetts
bay, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire
Massachusetts Bay Colony - ANSWER-Colony founded in 1630 by John Winthrop,
part of the Great Puritan Migration, founded by puritans. Had a theocratic
republic. "City upon a hill"
John Winthrop - ANSWER-Puritan governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Speaker of "City upon a hill"
,"City upon a hill" - ANSWER-Said by Winthrop; refers to the idea that Puritan
colonists emigrating to the New World were part of a special pact with God to
create a holy community: a model society to the world/moral commonwealth
Anne Hutchinson - ANSWER-Woman who challenged Purtian religous authorities
in Massachusetts Bay. Puritan authorities banished her because she challenged
religious doctrine, gender roles. clerical authority, and claimed to have had
revelations from God
King Philip's war - ANSWER-1675. longest and bloodiest conflict between settlers
and natives in 17th century, native Wampanoags under KIng Phillip ( Indian
Chieftain) resisted England encroachment on their land, they killed many settlers
in Mass, English joined with Mohawks to defeat them
Salem Witch Trials - ANSWER-1629 outbreak of witchcraft accusations in a
Massachussetts Bay puritan village marked by an atmosphere of fear, hysteria
and stress. Spectral evidence was used frequently.
Rhode Island Colony - ANSWER-Self-governing colony founded by Roger
Williams in 1636; granted freedom for all religions and non-believers; religious
toleration; disestablishment, universal suffrage for white males w/property
qualifications; most democratic
Disestablishment - ANSWER-Separation of church and state; no religion is
officially supported by the state/government; opposed tax-supported church
Connecticut colony - ANSWER-Colony founded by Thomas Hooker in 1636; self-
governing; origin of Fundamental Orders
Fundamental Orders - ANSWER-The first constitution written in North America;
granted ALL adult males to vote not just church going land owners as was the
policy in Massachutes
New Amsterdam - ANSWER-Dutch colonial settlement that served as the capital
of New Netherland. This later became "New York City"
, Restoration colonies - ANSWER-Colonies created as a result from the land grants
in North America given by King Charles II of England The two major restoration
colonies were Pennsylvania and Carolina.
New York colony - ANSWER-Colony founded by Dutch in 1624. Very diverse and
wealthy colony. Contained the Hudson river
Pennsylvania colony - ANSWER-Colony formed from the "Holy Experiment";
settled by Quakers. Founded by William Penn, who bought land from the Native
Americans. Allowed religious freedom
William Penn - ANSWER-An English Quaker, founded Pennsylvania in 1682, after
receiving a charter from King Charles II the year before. He launched the colony
as a "holy experiment" based on religious tolerance.
Georgia colony - ANSWER-Colony founded by James Oglethorpe. Its first settlers
were debtors and unfortunates( "worthy poor"). Tolerant to Christians but not
Catholics. Acted as a buffer between Spanish Florida and the Carolinas.
James Oglethorpe - ANSWER-Founded Georgia; a member of parliament;
philanthropist; social reformer (helping those in debtors' prisons)
Mercantilism - ANSWER-Economic philosophy of 17th and 18th century European
nations; sought to increase wealth and power through acquisition of gold and
silver and establishing a favorable balance of trade. Colonies served interest of
mother country through importation of its raw materials -> Exportation >
importation
Triangular trade - ANSWER-Trading System between Europe, Africa, and the
colonies; European purchased slaves in Africa and sold them to colonies, new
materials from colonies went to Europe while European finished products were
sold in the colonies.
Navigation Acts - ANSWER-Acts passed in 1660 passed by British parliament to
increase colonial dependence on Great Britain for trade; limited goods that were
exported to colonies; caused great resentment in American colonies.
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